اختلال کمبود توجه بیش‌فعالی (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "اختلال کمبود توجه بیش‌فعالی" in Persian language version.

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1ravan.ir

«ADHD چیست؟». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۲ ژانویه ۲۰۱۹. دریافت‌شده در ۲۹ ژانویه ۲۰۱۹.

adhdlife.ir

«مشکل خواب بیش‌فعال‌ها - مجله بیش‌فعالی ایران». مجله بیش‌فعالی ایران. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۸ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۱۶ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱.
«مشکل بیش فعال‌ها - مجلهٔ بیش فعالی ایران». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۸ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱.
«بیش فعالی و چاقی». مجله بیش فعالی ایران. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۰ آوریل ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۸ آوریل ۲۰۲۱.
«علل بیش فعالی - مجله بیش فعالی ایران». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۵ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۱۶ ژانویه ۲۰۲۱.
«قرص ویوانس». مجله بیش‌فعالی ایران. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۷ فوریه ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۱۰ فوریه ۲۰۲۱.

apa.org

Crawford N (February 2003). "ADHD: a women's issue". Monitor on Psychology. 34 (2): 28. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017.

archive.org

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. pp. 59–65. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.

archive.today

"6A05 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. February 2022 [2019]. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

atiehclinic.com

کلینیک روان‌شناسی آتیه درخشان ذهن. «اختلال نقص توجه-بیش فعالی». atiehclinic.com. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲ فوریه ۲۰۲۱.

books.google.com

Cowen P, Harrison P, Burns T (2012). "Drugs and other physical treatments". Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 546. ISBN 978-0-19-960561-3 – via Google Books.
Faraone SV (2011). "Ch. 25: Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". In Tsuang MT, Tohen M, Jones P (eds.). Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 450. ISBN 978-0-470-97740-8. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2016.

caddra.ca

"Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines" (PDF). Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

cdc.gov

"Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recommendations". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
"Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recommendations". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.

cpa-apc.org

ww1.cpa-apc.org

"Neuropsychological Performance in DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes: An Exploratory Study With Untreated Adolescents" (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 24 شهریور 1387. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |تاریخ بازدید= (help)

creativecommons.org

Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A (November 2017). "Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 26 (11): 1283–1307. doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y. PMC 5656703. PMID 28429134. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۱۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲ ژانویه ۲۰۲۴..

doi.org

Foreman DM (February 2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: legal and ethical aspects". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (2): 192–194. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.064576. PMC 2082674. PMID 16428370.
Brown TE (October 2008). "ADD/ADHD and Impaired Executive Function in Clinical Practice". Current Psychiatry Reports. 10 (5): 407–411. doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7. PMID 18803914. S2CID 146463279.
Retz W, Stieglitz RD, Corbisiero S, Retz-Junginger P, Rösler M (October 2012). "Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD: What is the empirical evidence?". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 12 (10): 1241–1251. doi:10.1586/ern.12.109. PMID 23082740. S2CID 207221320.
Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH (February 2019). "Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – implications for clinical recognition and intervention". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 60 (2): 133–150. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12899. PMID 29624671.
Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750. PMC 4084861. PMID 23020641. EFs and prefrontal cortex are the first to suffer, and suffer disproportionately, if something is not right in your life. They suffer first, and most, if you are stressed (Arnsten 1998, Liston et al. 2009, Oaten & Cheng 2005), sad (Hirt et al. 2008, von Hecker & Meiser 2005), lonely (Baumeister et al. 2002, Cacioppo & Patrick 2008, Campbell et al. 2006, Tun et al. 2012), sleep deprived (Barnes et al. 2012, Huang et al. 2007), or not physically fit (Best 2010, Chaddock et al. 2011, Hillman et al. 2008). Any of these can cause you to appear to have a disorder of EFs, such as ADHD, when you do not.
Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E (March 2014). "Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 171 (3): 276–293. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966. PMC 4282137. PMID 24480998.
Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, et al. (October 2018). "Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (10): 1059–1088. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001. PMC 6379245. PMID 30195575.
Faraone, Stephen V.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Coghill, David; Zheng, Yi; Biederman, Joseph; Bellgrove, Mark A.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Gignac, Martin; Al Saud, Nouf M.; Manor, Iris; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Yang, Li; Cortese, Samuele; Almagor, Doron; Stein, Mark A. (2021-09-01). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 128: 789–818. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. ISSN 0149-7634. PMC 8328933. PMID 33549739.
Faraone SV, Larsson H (April 2019). "Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Molecular Psychiatry. 24 (4): 562–575. doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0. PMC 6477889. PMID 29892054. S2CID 47016805.
Willcutt EG (July 2012). "The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review". Neurotherapeutics. 9 (3): 490–499. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8. PMC 3441936. PMID 22976615.
Young S, Adamo N, Ásgeirsdóttir BB, Branney P, Beckett M, Colley W, et al. (August 2020). "Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women". BMC Psychiatry. 20 (1): 404. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9. PMC 7422602. PMID 32787804.
Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H (April 2009). "[Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]" [Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. L'Encephale (به فرانسوی). 35 (2): 107–114. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005. PMID 19393378.
Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Rudan I (February 2021). "The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Global Health. International Global Health Society. 11: 04009. doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04009. eISSN 2047-2986. OCLC 751737736. PMC 7916320. PMID 33692893.
Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP (2014). "Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 16 (3). doi:10.4088/PCC.13r01600. PMC 4195639. PMID 25317367. Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5%–5% of adults in the general population,^5–8 compared with 5%–7% of children.^9,10 ... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.^7,15,16
Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A (November 2017). "Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 26 (11): 1283–1307. doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y. PMC 5656703. PMID 28429134. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۱۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲ ژانویه ۲۰۲۴..
Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Allan C, Chan E, Davison D, Earls M, et al. (October 2019). "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents". Pediatrics. 144 (4): e20192528. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2528. PMC 7067282. PMID 31570648.
Wigal SB (2009). "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults". CNS Drugs. 23 (Suppl 1): 21–31. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004. PMID 19621975. S2CID 11340058.
Parker J, Wales G, Chalhoub N, Harpin V (September 2013). "The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 6: 87–99. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S49114. PMC 3785407. PMID 24082796. Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period. ... Only one paper examining outcomes beyond 36 months met the review criteria. ... There is high level evidence suggesting that pharmacological treatment can have a major beneficial effect on the core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity) in approximately 80% of cases compared with placebo controls, in the short term.
Wigal SB (2009). "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults". CNS Drugs. 23 (Suppl 1): 21–31. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004. PMID 19621975. S2CID 11340058.
Arnold LE, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Kahle J, Young S (February 2015). "Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0116407. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016407A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116407. PMC 4340791. PMID 25714373.
Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater J (2008). "ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 16 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1080/10673220802167782. PMID 18569037. S2CID 18481191.
Schonwald A, Lechner E (April 2006). "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complexities and controversies". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 18 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1097/01.mop.0000193302.70882.70. PMID 16601502. S2CID 27286123.
Thapar A, Cooper M, Eyre O, Langley K (January 2013). "What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 54 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x. PMC 3572580. PMID 22963644.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)

google.ca

books.google.ca

Millichap, J. Gordon (2010). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook a Physician's Guide to ADHD (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Science. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4419-1397-5. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Arnold LE, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Kahle J, Young S (February 2015). "Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0116407. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016407A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116407. PMC 4340791. PMID 25714373.

isna.ir

kordestan.isna.ir

http://kordestan.isna.ir/Default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=8355

nice.org.uk

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE Guideline, No. 87. London: National Guideline Centre (UK). ISBN 978-1-4731-2830-9. OCLC 1126668845. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Foreman DM (February 2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: legal and ethical aspects". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (2): 192–194. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.064576. PMC 2082674. PMID 16428370.
Brown TE (October 2008). "ADD/ADHD and Impaired Executive Function in Clinical Practice". Current Psychiatry Reports. 10 (5): 407–411. doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7. PMID 18803914. S2CID 146463279.
Retz W, Stieglitz RD, Corbisiero S, Retz-Junginger P, Rösler M (October 2012). "Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD: What is the empirical evidence?". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 12 (10): 1241–1251. doi:10.1586/ern.12.109. PMID 23082740. S2CID 207221320.
Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH (February 2019). "Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – implications for clinical recognition and intervention". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 60 (2): 133–150. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12899. PMID 29624671.
Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750. PMC 4084861. PMID 23020641. EFs and prefrontal cortex are the first to suffer, and suffer disproportionately, if something is not right in your life. They suffer first, and most, if you are stressed (Arnsten 1998, Liston et al. 2009, Oaten & Cheng 2005), sad (Hirt et al. 2008, von Hecker & Meiser 2005), lonely (Baumeister et al. 2002, Cacioppo & Patrick 2008, Campbell et al. 2006, Tun et al. 2012), sleep deprived (Barnes et al. 2012, Huang et al. 2007), or not physically fit (Best 2010, Chaddock et al. 2011, Hillman et al. 2008). Any of these can cause you to appear to have a disorder of EFs, such as ADHD, when you do not.
Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E (March 2014). "Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 171 (3): 276–293. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966. PMC 4282137. PMID 24480998.
Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, et al. (October 2018). "Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (10): 1059–1088. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001. PMC 6379245. PMID 30195575.
Faraone, Stephen V.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Coghill, David; Zheng, Yi; Biederman, Joseph; Bellgrove, Mark A.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Gignac, Martin; Al Saud, Nouf M.; Manor, Iris; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Yang, Li; Cortese, Samuele; Almagor, Doron; Stein, Mark A. (2021-09-01). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 128: 789–818. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. ISSN 0149-7634. PMC 8328933. PMID 33549739.
Faraone SV, Larsson H (April 2019). "Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Molecular Psychiatry. 24 (4): 562–575. doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0. PMC 6477889. PMID 29892054. S2CID 47016805.
Willcutt EG (July 2012). "The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review". Neurotherapeutics. 9 (3): 490–499. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8. PMC 3441936. PMID 22976615.
Young S, Adamo N, Ásgeirsdóttir BB, Branney P, Beckett M, Colley W, et al. (August 2020). "Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women". BMC Psychiatry. 20 (1): 404. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9. PMC 7422602. PMID 32787804.
Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H (April 2009). "[Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]" [Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. L'Encephale (به فرانسوی). 35 (2): 107–114. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005. PMID 19393378.
Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Rudan I (February 2021). "The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Global Health. International Global Health Society. 11: 04009. doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04009. eISSN 2047-2986. OCLC 751737736. PMC 7916320. PMID 33692893.
Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP (2014). "Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 16 (3). doi:10.4088/PCC.13r01600. PMC 4195639. PMID 25317367. Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5%–5% of adults in the general population,^5–8 compared with 5%–7% of children.^9,10 ... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.^7,15,16
Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A (November 2017). "Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 26 (11): 1283–1307. doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y. PMC 5656703. PMID 28429134. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۱۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲ ژانویه ۲۰۲۴..
Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Allan C, Chan E, Davison D, Earls M, et al. (October 2019). "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents". Pediatrics. 144 (4): e20192528. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2528. PMC 7067282. PMID 31570648.
Wigal SB (2009). "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults". CNS Drugs. 23 (Suppl 1): 21–31. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004. PMID 19621975. S2CID 11340058.
Parker J, Wales G, Chalhoub N, Harpin V (September 2013). "The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 6: 87–99. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S49114. PMC 3785407. PMID 24082796. Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period. ... Only one paper examining outcomes beyond 36 months met the review criteria. ... There is high level evidence suggesting that pharmacological treatment can have a major beneficial effect on the core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity) in approximately 80% of cases compared with placebo controls, in the short term.
Wigal SB (2009). "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults". CNS Drugs. 23 (Suppl 1): 21–31. doi:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004. PMID 19621975. S2CID 11340058.
Arnold LE, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Kahle J, Young S (February 2015). "Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0116407. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016407A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116407. PMC 4340791. PMID 25714373.
Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater J (2008). "ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 16 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1080/10673220802167782. PMID 18569037. S2CID 18481191.
Schonwald A, Lechner E (April 2006). "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complexities and controversies". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 18 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1097/01.mop.0000193302.70882.70. PMID 16601502. S2CID 27286123.
Thapar A, Cooper M, Eyre O, Langley K (January 2013). "What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?". J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 54 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x. PMC 3572580. PMID 22963644.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Foreman DM (February 2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: legal and ethical aspects". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (2): 192–194. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.064576. PMC 2082674. PMID 16428370.
Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annual Review of Psychology. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750. PMC 4084861. PMID 23020641. EFs and prefrontal cortex are the first to suffer, and suffer disproportionately, if something is not right in your life. They suffer first, and most, if you are stressed (Arnsten 1998, Liston et al. 2009, Oaten & Cheng 2005), sad (Hirt et al. 2008, von Hecker & Meiser 2005), lonely (Baumeister et al. 2002, Cacioppo & Patrick 2008, Campbell et al. 2006, Tun et al. 2012), sleep deprived (Barnes et al. 2012, Huang et al. 2007), or not physically fit (Best 2010, Chaddock et al. 2011, Hillman et al. 2008). Any of these can cause you to appear to have a disorder of EFs, such as ADHD, when you do not.
Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E (March 2014). "Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 171 (3): 276–293. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966. PMC 4282137. PMID 24480998.
Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, et al. (October 2018). "Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (10): 1059–1088. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001. PMC 6379245. PMID 30195575.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing. February 2022. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6. OCLC 1288423302.
Faraone, Stephen V.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Coghill, David; Zheng, Yi; Biederman, Joseph; Bellgrove, Mark A.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Gignac, Martin; Al Saud, Nouf M.; Manor, Iris; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Yang, Li; Cortese, Samuele; Almagor, Doron; Stein, Mark A. (2021-09-01). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 128: 789–818. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. ISSN 0149-7634. PMC 8328933. PMID 33549739.
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