Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "انتخاب گروهی" in Persian language version.
The same points can be made with regard to the evolution of the eusocial insects, which Nowak et al. suggest cannot be explained by inclusive fitness theory. It was already known that haplodiploidy itself may have only a relatively minor bearing on the origin of eusociality, and so Nowak et al. have added nothing new here. Inclusive fitness theory has explained why eusociality has evolved only in monogamous lineages, and why it is correlated with certain ecological conditions, such as extended parental care and defence of a shared resource. Furthermore, inclusive fitness theory has made very successful predictions about behaviour in eusocial insects, explaining a wide range of phenomena.
The same points can be made with regard to the evolution of the eusocial insects, which Nowak et al. suggest cannot be explained by inclusive fitness theory. It was already known that haplodiploidy itself may have only a relatively minor bearing on the origin of eusociality, and so Nowak et al. have added nothing new here. Inclusive fitness theory has explained why eusociality has evolved only in monogamous lineages, and why it is correlated with certain ecological conditions, such as extended parental care and defence of a shared resource. Furthermore, inclusive fitness theory has made very successful predictions about behaviour in eusocial insects, explaining a wide range of phenomena.
The same points can be made with regard to the evolution of the eusocial insects, which Nowak et al. suggest cannot be explained by inclusive fitness theory. It was already known that haplodiploidy itself may have only a relatively minor bearing on the origin of eusociality, and so Nowak et al. have added nothing new here. Inclusive fitness theory has explained why eusociality has evolved only in monogamous lineages, and why it is correlated with certain ecological conditions, such as extended parental care and defence of a shared resource. Furthermore, inclusive fitness theory has made very successful predictions about behaviour in eusocial insects, explaining a wide range of phenomena.
The same points can be made with regard to the evolution of the eusocial insects, which Nowak et al. suggest cannot be explained by inclusive fitness theory. It was already known that haplodiploidy itself may have only a relatively minor bearing on the origin of eusociality, and so Nowak et al. have added nothing new here. Inclusive fitness theory has explained why eusociality has evolved only in monogamous lineages, and why it is correlated with certain ecological conditions, such as extended parental care and defence of a shared resource. Furthermore, inclusive fitness theory has made very successful predictions about behaviour in eusocial insects, explaining a wide range of phenomena.
there have been numerous attempts since Wynne-Edwards to develop more convincing forms of group selection theory. Indeed, this 'levels of selection' debate over the level of the biological hierarchy at which natural selection acts (individual, group, gene, species, community, and so forth) has generated much debate among behavioral biologists (Okasha 2010). Yet despite generating controversy, these attempts have generally failed to persuade the vast majority of behavioral biologists that Darwin's view of individual selection—even on altruistic traits that provide clear benefits to others—is wrong.
