بی‌اختیاری ادرار (Persian Wikipedia)

Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08). Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer212.
Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08). Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer212.^{^{[پیوند مرده]}}

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Persian: 9^th place)

Ackley B (2010). Nursing diagnosis handbook: an evidence-based guide to planning care (9th ed.). Maryland Heights, Mo: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-07150-5.
Andersson KE, Arner A (July 2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology". Physiological Reviews. 84 (3): 935–986. doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2003. PMID 15269341.
DeLancey JO (June 1990). "Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 33 (2): 298–307. doi:10.1097/00003081-199006000-00014. PMID 2190733. S2CID 43806356.
Macaluso JN, Appell RA, Sullivan JW (September 1981). "Ureterovaginal fistula detected by vaginogram". JAMA. 246 (12): 1339–1340. doi:10.1001/jama.246.12.1339. PMID 7265431.
Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P (September 2014). "Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (6): 429–440. doi:10.7326/m13-2410. PMID 25222388. S2CID 15004955.
Cravens DD, Zweig S (January 2000). "Urinary catheter management". American Family Physician. 61 (2): 369–376. PMID 10670503.
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S (November 2000). "A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 53 (11): 1150–1157. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00232-8. PMID 11106889.
Nygaard I, Turvey C, Burns TL, Crischilles E, Wallace R (January 2003). "Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 101 (1): 149–156. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02519-x. PMID 12517660. S2CID 33743756.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thüroff J, Wein AJ (June 2001). "How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study". BJU International. 87 (9): 760–766. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x. PMID 11412210. S2CID 23650548.

auanet.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"American Urological Association - Medical Student Curriculum: Urinary Incontinence". www.auanet.org. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

beaumont.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Beaumont Health. "Treatment for Incontinence". www.beaumont.org. Retrieved 19 October 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Persian: 6^th place)

Ghosh AK (2008). Mayo Clinic internal medicine concise textbook. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-4200-6751-4.

cbc.ca (Global: 115^th place; Persian: 326^th place)

O'Reilly T (8 June 2017). "Now Splinter Free: How Marketing Broke Taboos". CBC Radio One. Pirate Radio. Retrieved 10 June 2017.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; Persian: 126^th place)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (June 2014). "Prevalence of Incontinence Among Older Americans" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 23 August 2014.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Persian: 2^nd place)

de Sena Oliveira, Ana Cecília; Athanasio, Bruno da Silva; Mrad, Flávia Cristina de Carvalho; Vasconcelos, Monica Maria de Almeida; Albuquerque, Maicon Rodrigues; Miranda, Débora Marques; Simões E Silva, Ana Cristina (2021). "Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis co-occurrence in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 36 (11): 3547–3559. doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05083-y. ISSN 1432-198X. PMID 34009466.
Balk EM, Rofeberg VN, Adam GP, Kimmel HJ, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (April 2019). "Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes". Annals of Internal Medicine. 170 (7): 465–479. doi:10.7326/M18-3227. PMID 30884526. S2CID 83458685.
Edwards RJ, Dombrowski SM, Luciano MG, Pople IK (July 2004). "Chronic hydrocephalus in adults". Brain Pathology. 14 (3): 325–336. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x. PMC 8096062. PMID 15446589.
Thom DH, Rortveit G (December 2010). "Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence: a systematic review". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 89 (12): 1511–1522. doi:10.3109/00016349.2010.526188. PMID 21050146. S2CID 18385231.
Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08). Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer212.
Wang W, Huang QM, Liu FP, Mao QQ (December 2014). "Effectiveness of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis". BMC Urology. 14 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2490-14-99. PMC 4274700. PMID 25515968. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Thomas LH, Coupe J, Cross LD, Tan AL, Watkins CL (February 2019). "Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004462.pub4. PMC 6355973. PMID 30706461. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Andersson KE, Arner A (July 2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology". Physiological Reviews. 84 (3): 935–986. doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2003. PMID 15269341.
DeLancey JO (June 1990). "Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 33 (2): 298–307. doi:10.1097/00003081-199006000-00014. PMID 2190733. S2CID 43806356.
DeLancey JO (1997-10-01). "The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence in women and its implications for surgical treatment". World Journal of Urology. 15 (5): 268–274. doi:10.1007/BF02202011. hdl:2027.42/47055. PMID 9372577. S2CID 12952663.
Macaluso JN, Appell RA, Sullivan JW (September 1981). "Ureterovaginal fistula detected by vaginogram". JAMA. 246 (12): 1339–1340. doi:10.1001/jama.246.12.1339. PMID 7265431.
Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N (June 2013). "Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment". International Urogynecology Journal. 24 (6): 901–912. doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7. PMC 3671107. PMID 23436035.
O'Reilly N, Nelson HD, Conry JM, Frost J, Gregory KD, Kendig SM, et al. (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 320–328. doi:10.7326/M18-0595. PMID 30105360. S2CID 51972975.
Nelson HD, Cantor A, Pappas M, Miller L (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 311–319. doi:10.7326/M18-0225. PMID 30105353. S2CID 51971188.
Price N, Jackson SR (August 2004). "Clinical audit of the use of tension-free vaginal tape as a surgical treatment for urinary stress incontinence, set against NICE guidelines". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 24 (5): 534–538. doi:10.1080/01443610410001722590. PMID 15369935. S2CID 10473508.
Todhunter-Brown A, Hazelton C, Campbell P, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (September 2022). "Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (9). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012337.pub2. PMC 9437962. PMID 36053030. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Balk EM, Adam GP, Corsi K, Mogul A, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (August 2019). "Adverse Events Associated with Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: a Systematic Review". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 34 (8): 1615–1625. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05028-0. PMC 6667523. PMID 31062225.
Imamura M, Williams K, Wells M, McGrother C, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2015). "Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003505.pub5. PMC 8612696. PMID 26630349. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Wyman JF, Burgio KL, Newman DK (August 2009). "Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 63 (8): 1177–1191. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02078.x. PMC 2734927. PMID 19575724.
Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P (September 2014). "Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (6): 429–440. doi:10.7326/m13-2410. PMID 25222388. S2CID 15004955.
Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021). "Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Obesity. 11 (4). doi:10.1111/cob.12450. hdl:10044/1/89229. PMID 33955687. S2CID 233869987. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
López-Liria R, Varverde-Martínez ML, Padilla-Góngora D, Rocamora-Pérez P (April 2019). "Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (4): 490–501. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7140. PMID 30575448. S2CID 58590966.
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K (December 2019). "Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women". Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 31 (6): 485–493. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID 31609735. S2CID 204703488.
Rosenbaum TY (January 2007). "Pelvic floor involvement in male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment: a literature review". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 4 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00393.x. PMID 17233772.
Herbison GP, Dean N (July 2013). "Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2. PMC 7086390. PMID 23836411. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Leonardo K, Seno DH, Mirza H, Afriansyah A (August 2022). "Biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 41 (6): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/nau.24984. PMID 35686543. S2CID 249545181.
Stewart F, Berghmans B, Bø K, Glazener CM, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2017). "Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012390.pub2. PMC 6486295. PMID 29271482. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Bø K, Herbert RD (September 2013). "There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Journal of Physiotherapy. 59 (3): 159–168. doi:10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70180-2. PMID 23896331. There is not yet strong evidence that alternative exercise regimens can reduce urinary leakage in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Lipp A, Shaw C, Glavind K (December 2014). "Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001756.pub6. PMC 7061494. PMID 25517397. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Chartier-Kastler E, Ballanger P, Petit J, Fourmarier M, Bart S, Ragni-Ghazarossian E, et al. (July 2011). "Randomized, crossover study evaluating patient preference and the impact on quality of life of urisheaths vs absorbent products in incontinent men". BJU International. 108 (2): 241–247. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09736.x. PMID 20950307.
Chong JT, Simma-Chiang V (March 2018). "A historical perspective and evolution of the treatment of male urinary incontinence". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (3): 1169–1175. doi:10.1002/nau.23429. PMID 29053886. S2CID 4769215.
Shamliyan T, Wyman JF, Ramakrishnan R, Sainfort F, Kane RL (June 2012). "Benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatment for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Annals of Internal Medicine. 156 (12): 861–74, W301-10. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00436. PMID 22711079. S2CID 29778547.
Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08). Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer212.^{^{[پیوند مرده]}}
Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo KO, Cody JD, McClinton S, Aluko P (July 2017). "Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub4. PMC 6483304. PMID 28738443. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Matsuoka PK, Locali RF, Pacetta AM, Baracat EC, Haddad JM (February 2016). "The efficacy and safety of urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Clinics. 71 (2): 94–100. doi:10.6061/clinics/2016(02)08. PMC 4760362. PMID 26934239.
Temtanakitpaisan T, Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Rattanakanokchai S, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (March 2022). "Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012457.pub2. PMC 8962651. PMID 35349162. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Saraswat L, Rehman H, Omar MI, Cody JD, Aluko P, Glazener CM (January 2020). "Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001754.pub5. PMC 7027385. PMID 31990055. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Carter E, Johnson EE, Still M, Al-Assaf AS, Bryant A, Aluko P, et al. (October 2023). "Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (10). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008709.pub4. PMC 10604512. PMID 37888839. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Freites J, Stewart F, Omar MI, Mashayekhi A, Agur WI, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2019). "Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002239.pub4. PMC 6903454. PMID 31821550. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Downey A, Inman RD (2019-07-31). "Recent advances in surgical management of urinary incontinence". F1000Research. 8: 1294. doi:10.12688/f1000research.16356.1. PMC 6676503. PMID 31448082.
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S (November 2000). "A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 53 (11): 1150–1157. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00232-8. PMID 11106889.
Imison C, Kwint J (21 June 2022). "Continence, dementia, and care that preserves dignity". NIHR Evidence. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_51255. S2CID 251785991.
Grant RL, Drennan VM, Rait G, Petersen I, Iliffe S (August 2013). Prince MJ (ed.). "First diagnosis and management of incontinence in older people with and without dementia in primary care: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database". PLOS Medicine. 10 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001505. PMC 3754889. PMID 24015113. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Nygaard I, Turvey C, Burns TL, Crischilles E, Wallace R (January 2003). "Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 101 (1): 149–156. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02519-x. PMID 12517660. S2CID 33743756.
Thom DH, Haan MN, Van Den Eeden SK (September 1997). "Medically recognized urinary incontinence and risks of hospitalization, nursing home admission and mortality". Age and Ageing. 26 (5): 367–374. doi:10.1093/ageing/26.5.367. PMID 9351481.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thüroff J, Wein AJ (June 2001). "How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study". BJU International. 87 (9): 760–766. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x. PMID 11412210. S2CID 23650548.
Franco I, Austin PF, Bauer SB, von Gontard A, Homsy Y, eds. (2015). Pediatric incontinence - Franco - 2015 - Wiley Online Books - Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/9781118814789. ISBN 978-1-118-81478-9.
Mérindol, Isabelle; Dunn, Marilyn; Vachon, Catherine (2022-06-01). "Feline urinary incontinence: a retrospective case series (2009–2019)". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (به انگلیسی). 24 (6): 506–516. doi:10.1177/1098612X211033182. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 11104245. PMID 34346241. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)

drugs.com (Global: 399^th place; Persian: 104^th place)

"Oxybutynin Chloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
"Tolterodine Tartrate Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
"Fesoterodine Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-08-05.

femalepatient.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Karlovsky ME. "Female Urinary Incontinence During Sexual Intercourse (Coital Incontinence): A Review". The Female Patient. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010.

govinfo.gov (Global: 1,998^th place; Persian: low place)

Hiltibran et al v. Levy et al, 793 U.S. (United States District Court Western District of Missouri 24 June 2011).

gutscharity.org.uk (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"My bladder and bowel own my life." A collaborative workshop addressing the need for continence research (PDF). Guts UK. 2018.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; Persian: 515^th place)

hdl.handle.net

DeLancey JO (1997-10-01). "The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence in women and its implications for surgical treatment". World Journal of Urology. 15 (5): 268–274. doi:10.1007/BF02202011. hdl:2027.42/47055. PMID 9372577. S2CID 12952663.
Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021). "Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Obesity. 11 (4). doi:10.1111/cob.12450. hdl:10044/1/89229. PMID 33955687. S2CID 233869987. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)

health.gov.au (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Functional incontinence". Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-08-29.

ichelp.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Bladder retraining". Interstitial Cystitis Association. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.

medicaldictionaryweb.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Enuresis". medicaldictionaryweb.com.

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,581^st place; Persian: 461^st place)

"Urinary incontinence: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus (به انگلیسی). U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2021-03-31.

merck.com (Global: 6,464^th place; Persian: 3,785^th place)

Maddukuri G (December 2022). "Pathophysiology of Polyuria". Merck Manual.

nationalincontinence.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Chelsea (September 4, 2012). "How to Use Vaginal Weights". Incontinence Blog - NationalIncontinence.com. National Incontinence. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.

nhs.uk (Global: 1,989^th place; Persian: 650^th place)

"Urinary incontinence - Causes". nhs.uk (به انگلیسی). 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Persian: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

de Sena Oliveira, Ana Cecília; Athanasio, Bruno da Silva; Mrad, Flávia Cristina de Carvalho; Vasconcelos, Monica Maria de Almeida; Albuquerque, Maicon Rodrigues; Miranda, Débora Marques; Simões E Silva, Ana Cristina (2021). "Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis co-occurrence in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 36 (11): 3547–3559. doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05083-y. ISSN 1432-198X. PMID 34009466.
Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Kane RL (April 2012). "Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness". Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 22624162. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013.
Balk EM, Rofeberg VN, Adam GP, Kimmel HJ, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (April 2019). "Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes". Annals of Internal Medicine. 170 (7): 465–479. doi:10.7326/M18-3227. PMID 30884526. S2CID 83458685.
Edwards RJ, Dombrowski SM, Luciano MG, Pople IK (July 2004). "Chronic hydrocephalus in adults". Brain Pathology. 14 (3): 325–336. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x. PMC 8096062. PMID 15446589.
Thom DH, Rortveit G (December 2010). "Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence: a systematic review". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 89 (12): 1511–1522. doi:10.3109/00016349.2010.526188. PMID 21050146. S2CID 18385231.
Wang W, Huang QM, Liu FP, Mao QQ (December 2014). "Effectiveness of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis". BMC Urology. 14 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2490-14-99. PMC 4274700. PMID 25515968. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Thomas LH, Coupe J, Cross LD, Tan AL, Watkins CL (February 2019). "Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004462.pub4. PMC 6355973. PMID 30706461. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Andersson KE, Arner A (July 2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology". Physiological Reviews. 84 (3): 935–986. doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2003. PMID 15269341.
DeLancey JO (June 1990). "Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 33 (2): 298–307. doi:10.1097/00003081-199006000-00014. PMID 2190733. S2CID 43806356.
DeLancey JO (1997-10-01). "The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence in women and its implications for surgical treatment". World Journal of Urology. 15 (5): 268–274. doi:10.1007/BF02202011. hdl:2027.42/47055. PMID 9372577. S2CID 12952663.
Macaluso JN, Appell RA, Sullivan JW (September 1981). "Ureterovaginal fistula detected by vaginogram". JAMA. 246 (12): 1339–1340. doi:10.1001/jama.246.12.1339. PMID 7265431.
Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N (June 2013). "Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment". International Urogynecology Journal. 24 (6): 901–912. doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7. PMC 3671107. PMID 23436035.
Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TJ (December 2007). "Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults". Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (161): 1–379. PMC 4781595. PMID 18457475.
O'Reilly N, Nelson HD, Conry JM, Frost J, Gregory KD, Kendig SM, et al. (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 320–328. doi:10.7326/M18-0595. PMID 30105360. S2CID 51972975.
Armstrong C (February 2019). "Urinary Incontinence: Screening Recommendation from the WPSI". American Family Physician (به انگلیسی). 99 (3): 194. PMID 30702263.
Nelson HD, Cantor A, Pappas M, Miller L (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 311–319. doi:10.7326/M18-0225. PMID 30105353. S2CID 51971188.
Price N, Jackson SR (August 2004). "Clinical audit of the use of tension-free vaginal tape as a surgical treatment for urinary stress incontinence, set against NICE guidelines". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 24 (5): 534–538. doi:10.1080/01443610410001722590. PMID 15369935. S2CID 10473508.
Todhunter-Brown A, Hazelton C, Campbell P, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (September 2022). "Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (9). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012337.pub2. PMC 9437962. PMID 36053030. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Balk EM, Adam GP, Corsi K, Mogul A, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (August 2019). "Adverse Events Associated with Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: a Systematic Review". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 34 (8): 1615–1625. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05028-0. PMC 6667523. PMID 31062225.
Imamura M, Williams K, Wells M, McGrother C, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2015). "Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003505.pub5. PMC 8612696. PMID 26630349. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Wyman JF, Burgio KL, Newman DK (August 2009). "Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 63 (8): 1177–1191. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02078.x. PMC 2734927. PMID 19575724.
Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P (September 2014). "Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (6): 429–440. doi:10.7326/m13-2410. PMID 25222388. S2CID 15004955.
Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021). "Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Obesity. 11 (4). doi:10.1111/cob.12450. hdl:10044/1/89229. PMID 33955687. S2CID 233869987. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
López-Liria R, Varverde-Martínez ML, Padilla-Góngora D, Rocamora-Pérez P (April 2019). "Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (4): 490–501. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7140. PMID 30575448. S2CID 58590966.
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K (December 2019). "Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women". Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 31 (6): 485–493. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID 31609735. S2CID 204703488.
Rosenbaum TY (January 2007). "Pelvic floor involvement in male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment: a literature review". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 4 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00393.x. PMID 17233772.
Herbison GP, Dean N (July 2013). "Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2. PMC 7086390. PMID 23836411. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Leonardo K, Seno DH, Mirza H, Afriansyah A (August 2022). "Biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 41 (6): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/nau.24984. PMID 35686543. S2CID 249545181.
Stewart F, Berghmans B, Bø K, Glazener CM, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2017). "Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012390.pub2. PMC 6486295. PMID 29271482. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Bø K, Herbert RD (September 2013). "There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Journal of Physiotherapy. 59 (3): 159–168. doi:10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70180-2. PMID 23896331. There is not yet strong evidence that alternative exercise regimens can reduce urinary leakage in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Lipp A, Shaw C, Glavind K (December 2014). "Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001756.pub6. PMC 7061494. PMID 25517397. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
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Chong JT, Simma-Chiang V (March 2018). "A historical perspective and evolution of the treatment of male urinary incontinence". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (3): 1169–1175. doi:10.1002/nau.23429. PMID 29053886. S2CID 4769215.
Shamliyan T, Wyman JF, Ramakrishnan R, Sainfort F, Kane RL (June 2012). "Benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatment for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Annals of Internal Medicine. 156 (12): 861–74, W301-10. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00436. PMID 22711079. S2CID 29778547.
Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo KO, Cody JD, McClinton S, Aluko P (July 2017). "Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub4. PMC 6483304. PMID 28738443. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Matsuoka PK, Locali RF, Pacetta AM, Baracat EC, Haddad JM (February 2016). "The efficacy and safety of urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Clinics. 71 (2): 94–100. doi:10.6061/clinics/2016(02)08. PMC 4760362. PMID 26934239.
Temtanakitpaisan T, Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Rattanakanokchai S, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (March 2022). "Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012457.pub2. PMC 8962651. PMID 35349162. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Saraswat L, Rehman H, Omar MI, Cody JD, Aluko P, Glazener CM (January 2020). "Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001754.pub5. PMC 7027385. PMID 31990055. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Carter E, Johnson EE, Still M, Al-Assaf AS, Bryant A, Aluko P, et al. (October 2023). "Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (10). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008709.pub4. PMC 10604512. PMID 37888839. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Freites J, Stewart F, Omar MI, Mashayekhi A, Agur WI, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2019). "Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002239.pub4. PMC 6903454. PMID 31821550. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Downey A, Inman RD (2019-07-31). "Recent advances in surgical management of urinary incontinence". F1000Research. 8: 1294. doi:10.12688/f1000research.16356.1. PMC 6676503. PMID 31448082.
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S (November 2000). "A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 53 (11): 1150–1157. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00232-8. PMID 11106889.
Grant RL, Drennan VM, Rait G, Petersen I, Iliffe S (August 2013). Prince MJ (ed.). "First diagnosis and management of incontinence in older people with and without dementia in primary care: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database". PLOS Medicine. 10 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001505. PMC 3754889. PMID 24015113. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Nygaard I, Turvey C, Burns TL, Crischilles E, Wallace R (January 2003). "Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 101 (1): 149–156. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02519-x. PMID 12517660. S2CID 33743756.
Thom DH, Haan MN, Van Den Eeden SK (September 1997). "Medically recognized urinary incontinence and risks of hospitalization, nursing home admission and mortality". Age and Ageing. 26 (5): 367–374. doi:10.1093/ageing/26.5.367. PMID 9351481.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thüroff J, Wein AJ (June 2001). "How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study". BJU International. 87 (9): 760–766. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x. PMID 11412210. S2CID 23650548.
Mérindol, Isabelle; Dunn, Marilyn; Vachon, Catherine (2022-06-01). "Feline urinary incontinence: a retrospective case series (2009–2019)". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (به انگلیسی). 24 (6): 506–516. doi:10.1177/1098612X211033182. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 11104245. PMID 34346241. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Kane RL (April 2012). "Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness". Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 22624162. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013.
Edwards RJ, Dombrowski SM, Luciano MG, Pople IK (July 2004). "Chronic hydrocephalus in adults". Brain Pathology. 14 (3): 325–336. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x. PMC 8096062. PMID 15446589.
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Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TJ (December 2007). "Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults". Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (161): 1–379. PMC 4781595. PMID 18457475.
Todhunter-Brown A, Hazelton C, Campbell P, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (September 2022). "Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (9). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012337.pub2. PMC 9437962. PMID 36053030. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Balk EM, Adam GP, Corsi K, Mogul A, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (August 2019). "Adverse Events Associated with Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: a Systematic Review". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 34 (8): 1615–1625. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05028-0. PMC 6667523. PMID 31062225.
Imamura M, Williams K, Wells M, McGrother C, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2015). "Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003505.pub5. PMC 8612696. PMID 26630349. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Wyman JF, Burgio KL, Newman DK (August 2009). "Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 63 (8): 1177–1191. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02078.x. PMC 2734927. PMID 19575724.
Herbison GP, Dean N (July 2013). "Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2. PMC 7086390. PMID 23836411. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Stewart F, Berghmans B, Bø K, Glazener CM, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2017). "Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012390.pub2. PMC 6486295. PMID 29271482. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Lipp A, Shaw C, Glavind K (December 2014). "Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001756.pub6. PMC 7061494. PMID 25517397. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo KO, Cody JD, McClinton S, Aluko P (July 2017). "Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (7). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub4. PMC 6483304. PMID 28738443. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Matsuoka PK, Locali RF, Pacetta AM, Baracat EC, Haddad JM (February 2016). "The efficacy and safety of urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Clinics. 71 (2): 94–100. doi:10.6061/clinics/2016(02)08. PMC 4760362. PMID 26934239.
Temtanakitpaisan T, Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Rattanakanokchai S, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (March 2022). "Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012457.pub2. PMC 8962651. PMID 35349162. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Saraswat L, Rehman H, Omar MI, Cody JD, Aluko P, Glazener CM (January 2020). "Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001754.pub5. PMC 7027385. PMID 31990055. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Carter E, Johnson EE, Still M, Al-Assaf AS, Bryant A, Aluko P, et al. (October 2023). "Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (10). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008709.pub4. PMC 10604512. PMID 37888839. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Freites J, Stewart F, Omar MI, Mashayekhi A, Agur WI, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2019). "Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002239.pub4. PMC 6903454. PMID 31821550. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Downey A, Inman RD (2019-07-31). "Recent advances in surgical management of urinary incontinence". F1000Research. 8: 1294. doi:10.12688/f1000research.16356.1. PMC 6676503. PMID 31448082.
Grant RL, Drennan VM, Rait G, Petersen I, Iliffe S (August 2013). Prince MJ (ed.). "First diagnosis and management of incontinence in older people with and without dementia in primary care: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database". PLOS Medicine. 10 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001505. PMC 3754889. PMID 24015113. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
Mérindol, Isabelle; Dunn, Marilyn; Vachon, Catherine (2022-06-01). "Feline urinary incontinence: a retrospective case series (2009–2019)". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (به انگلیسی). 24 (6): 506–516. doi:10.1177/1098612X211033182. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 11104245. PMID 34346241. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)

nia.nih.gov

"Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults". National Institute on Aging. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2018.

nihr.ac.uk (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

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O'Reilly N, Nelson HD, Conry JM, Frost J, Gregory KD, Kendig SM, et al. (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 320–328. doi:10.7326/M18-0595. PMID 30105360. S2CID 51972975.
Nelson HD, Cantor A, Pappas M, Miller L (September 2018). "Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (5): 311–319. doi:10.7326/M18-0225. PMID 30105353. S2CID 51971188.
Price N, Jackson SR (August 2004). "Clinical audit of the use of tension-free vaginal tape as a surgical treatment for urinary stress incontinence, set against NICE guidelines". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 24 (5): 534–538. doi:10.1080/01443610410001722590. PMID 15369935. S2CID 10473508.
Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P (September 2014). "Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (6): 429–440. doi:10.7326/m13-2410. PMID 25222388. S2CID 15004955.
Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021). "Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Obesity. 11 (4). doi:10.1111/cob.12450. hdl:10044/1/89229. PMID 33955687. S2CID 233869987. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)
López-Liria R, Varverde-Martínez ML, Padilla-Góngora D, Rocamora-Pérez P (April 2019). "Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (4): 490–501. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7140. PMID 30575448. S2CID 58590966.
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K (December 2019). "Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women". Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 31 (6): 485–493. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID 31609735. S2CID 204703488.
Leonardo K, Seno DH, Mirza H, Afriansyah A (August 2022). "Biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 41 (6): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/nau.24984. PMID 35686543. S2CID 249545181.
Chong JT, Simma-Chiang V (March 2018). "A historical perspective and evolution of the treatment of male urinary incontinence". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (3): 1169–1175. doi:10.1002/nau.23429. PMID 29053886. S2CID 4769215.
Shamliyan T, Wyman JF, Ramakrishnan R, Sainfort F, Kane RL (June 2012). "Benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatment for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review". Annals of Internal Medicine. 156 (12): 861–74, W301-10. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00436. PMID 22711079. S2CID 29778547.
Imison C, Kwint J (21 June 2022). "Continence, dementia, and care that preserves dignity". NIHR Evidence. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_51255. S2CID 251785991.
Nygaard I, Turvey C, Burns TL, Crischilles E, Wallace R (January 2003). "Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 101 (1): 149–156. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02519-x. PMID 12517660. S2CID 33743756.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thüroff J, Wein AJ (June 2001). "How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study". BJU International. 87 (9): 760–766. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x. PMID 11412210. S2CID 23650548.

ulster.ac.uk (Global: 9,382^nd place; Persian: low place)

pure.ulster.ac.uk

Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021). "Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Obesity. 11 (4). doi:10.1111/cob.12450. hdl:10044/1/89229. PMID 33955687. S2CID 233869987. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |article-number= ignored (help)

uofmhealth.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Overflow Incontinence". Michigan Medicine. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

uptodate.com (Global: 3,771^st place; Persian: 1,610^th place)

Clemens JQ (3 January 2022). O'Leary MP, Law K (eds.). "Urinary Incontinence in Men". UptoDate. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
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urologyhealth.org (Global: low place; Persian: 4,215^th place)

"Overactive Bladder (OAB): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment". Urology Care Foundation. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

uroweb.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Burkhard FC, Bosch JL, Cruz F, Lemack GE, Nambiar AK, Thiruchelvam N, Tubaro A, Ambühl D, Bedretdinova DA, Farag F. "EAU Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence in Adults" (PDF). European Association of Urology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-08. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Persian: 1^st place)

"Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults". National Institute on Aging. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
"Medicinewise News". NPS MedicineWise. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Kane RL (April 2012). "Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness". Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID 22624162. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013.
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"Urinary incontinence fact sheet". Womenshealth.gov. July 16, 2012. Retrieved 2016-12-05.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Persian: 12^th place)

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Mérindol, Isabelle; Dunn, Marilyn; Vachon, Catherine (2022-06-01). "Feline urinary incontinence: a retrospective case series (2009–2019)". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (به انگلیسی). 24 (6): 506–516. doi:10.1177/1098612X211033182. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 11104245. PMID 34346241. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help)

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