تاریخ آبجو (Persian Wikipedia)

"'World's oldest brewery' found in cave in Israel, say researchers". British Broadcasting Corporation. 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
Ibeji, Mike (16 November 2012). "Vindolanda". BBC History. Retrieved 6 October 2016.

beer-pages.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Protz, Roger (2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer".

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Persian: 6^th place)

Cornell, Martyn (2003). Beer: The Story of the Pint. Headline. ISBN 0-7553-1165-5.
The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Translated by Black, Jeremy; Cunningham, Graham; Robson, Eleanor; Zólyomi, Gábor. Oxford University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-19-929633-0. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
Hornsey, Ian S. (2003). A History of Beer and Brewing. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-85404-630-0. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
Death, James (1887). The Beer of the Bible. Trübner & Co. , Ludgate Hill, E.C. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
Ilaria Gozzini Giacosa (1994). A Taste of Ancient Rome. University of Chicago Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-226-29032-4. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
Abraham Eraly (2002). Gem in the Lotus. Penguin Books Limited. p. 165. ISBN 978-93-5118-014-2.
Amitava Dasgupta; Loralie J. Langman (2012). Pharmacogenomics of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse. CRC Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4398-5611-6. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
Om Prakash (2005). Cultural History of India. New Age International. p. 503. ISBN 978-81-224-1587-2. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
Nip, Renée (2002). "Life and afterlife". In Mulder-Bakker, Anneke B. (ed.). The Invention of Saintliness. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-49865-9. OCLC 49824727. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Unger, Richard W. (2007). "Guild Religious and Social Functions". Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8122-1999-9. OCLC 55055450. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

brewersassociation.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Number of Breweries". brewersassociation.org. Retrieved 31 May 2014.

craftbeer.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Craft Brewers are Small, Independent, Traditional". craftbeer.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Persian: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". ساینتیفیک آمریکن. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
Sheffield, Ann (2023-04-01). "Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature". Scandinavian Studies (به انگلیسی). 95 (1): 85–107. doi:10.5406/21638195.95.1.04 (inactive 17 June 2025). ISSN 0036-5637.{{cite journal}}: تمیزکاری شیوه یادکرد ۱: شناساگر شیء دیجیتال غیرفعال از ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ (link)
Segel, Edward; Molyneux, Russell J. (May 1971). "Technical Activities of the United States Brewers Association. III". Proceedings. Annual Meeting – American Society of Brewing Chemists. 29 (1): 280–287. doi:10.1080/00960845.1971.12007026. ISSN 0096-0845.

dx.doi.org

Sheffield, Ann (2023-04-01). "Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature". Scandinavian Studies (به انگلیسی). 95 (1): 85–107. doi:10.5406/21638195.95.1.04 (inactive 17 June 2025). ISSN 0036-5637.{{cite journal}}: تمیزکاری شیوه یادکرد ۱: شناساگر شیء دیجیتال غیرفعال از ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ (link)

dreherrt.hu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Beer-history". Dreher Breweries. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009.

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; Persian: 70^th place)

King, Rachel (July 15, 2024). "Craft Beer Is Fueling $148 Billion Growth For The Global Beer Market". Forbes.

futurity.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Ancient beer brewed to include antibiotic". Futurity.org. 2 September 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; Persian: 1,141^st place)

io9.gizmodo.com

Davis, Lauren (28 February 2014). "No, Medieval people didn't drink booze to avoid dirty water". Gizmodo.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Persian: 50^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". ساینتیفیک آمریکن. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

jeeh.it (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Unger, Richard W. (1992). "Technical Change in the Brewing Industry in Germany, the Low Countries, and England in the Late Middle Ages". Journal of European Economic History. 21 (2): 281–313.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Persian: 72^nd place)

McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

merchantduvin.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Ale University – Brewing Process". Merchant du Vin. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 November 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2009.

mirror.co.uk (Global: 245^th place; Persian: 169^th place)

Best, Shivali (2019-02-04). "'First British beer' dating back over 2,000 years discovered in Cambridgeshire". mirror. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; Persian: 628^th place)

George, Alison (22 June 2016). "The world's oldest paycheck was cashed in beer". نیو ساینتیست.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Persian: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J. Z.; Tang, J. G.; et al. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. JSTOR 3374013. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Persian: 24^th place)

Oliver, Garrett (19 October 2007). "Don't Fear Big Beer". نیویورک تایمز. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

penn.museum (Global: 9,708^th place; Persian: 6,771^st place)

"Barley Beer". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Archived from the original on 8 اكتبر 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

pnas.org (Global: 1,293^rd place; Persian: 1,779^th place)

Jiajing Wang (May 23, 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China" (PDF). مقالات آکادمی ملی علوم ایالات متحده آمریکا.

researchandmarkets.com (Global: low place; Persian: 5,991^st place)

"Beer: Global Industry Guide". Research and Markets. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; Persian: 509^th place)

Mirsky, Steve (1 May 2007). "Ale's Well with the World". ساینتیفیک آمریکن. 296 (5): 102. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296e.102M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0507-102. Retrieved 4 November 2007.

slahs.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co. : A Chronological History". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.

slate.com (Global: 259^th place; Persian: 438^th place)

O'Neill, Tim (21 May 2013). "What was the drink of choice in medieval Europe?". Slate.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; Persian: 815^th place)

Daley, Jason. "Oldest Evidence of British Beer Found in Highway Dig". Smithsonian Magazine (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2020-09-11.
Tucker, Abigail (August 2011). "The Beer Archaeologist". اسمیتسونیان (مجله).

stonepages.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"Prehistoric brewing: the true story". Archaeo News. 22 October 2001. Retrieved 13 September 2008.

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 518^th place; Persian: 1,005^th place)

"World's oldest beer receipt? – Free Online Library". thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 8 May 2010.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; Persian: 34^th place)

Siddique, Haroon (2019-01-31). "Early pint: evidence of 'first British beer' found in Cambridgeshire". The Guardian (به انگلیسی). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
"Early pint: evidence of 'first British beer' found in Cambridgeshire". The Guardian. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

timesofisrael.com (Global: 571^st place; Persian: 577^th place)

"13,000-year-old brewery discovered in Israel, the oldest in the world". The Times of Israel. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; Persian: 317^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Xenophon, Anabasis, 4.5.26, on Perseus
ζῦθος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
κρίθινος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
οἶνος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
Polybius, The Histories, 34.9.15, on Perseus

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; Persian: 747^th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

Damerow, Peter (2002). "Sumerian Beer: The Origins of Brewing Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia". Cuneiform Digital Library Journal. 2012 (2).

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Persian: 1^st place)

"Beer-history". Dreher Breweries. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009.
"Beer: Global Industry Guide". Research and Markets. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
"Barley Beer". University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Archived from the original on 8 اكتبر 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
"Oldest ever UK brewery discovered in Cambridgeshire roadworks - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
"Anabasis, by Xenophon (book4)". ebooks.adelaide.edu.au. Archived from the original on 16 August 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
"Ancient beer brewed to include antibiotic". Futurity.org. 2 September 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
"Ale University – Brewing Process". Merchant du Vin. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 November 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
"Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co. : A Chronological History". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
"American Craft Beer Week". americancraftbeerweek.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Persian: 12^th place)

Wang, Jiajing; Liu, Li; Ball, Terry; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (23 May 2016). "Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (23): 6444–6448. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6444W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601465113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4988576. PMID 27217567.
Siddique, Haroon (2019-01-31). "Early pint: evidence of 'first British beer' found in Cambridgeshire". The Guardian (به انگلیسی). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
Nip, Renée (2002). "Life and afterlife". In Mulder-Bakker, Anneke B. (ed.). The Invention of Saintliness. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-49865-9. OCLC 49824727. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Unger, Richard W. (2007). "Guild Religious and Social Functions". Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8122-1999-9. OCLC 55055450. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Sheffield, Ann (2023-04-01). "Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature". Scandinavian Studies (به انگلیسی). 95 (1): 85–107. doi:10.5406/21638195.95.1.04 (inactive 17 June 2025). ISSN 0036-5637.{{cite journal}}: تمیزکاری شیوه یادکرد ۱: شناساگر شیء دیجیتال غیرفعال از ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ (link)
Segel, Edward; Molyneux, Russell J. (May 1971). "Technical Activities of the United States Brewers Association. III". Proceedings. Annual Meeting – American Society of Brewing Chemists. 29 (1): 280–287. doi:10.1080/00960845.1971.12007026. ISSN 0096-0845.

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309^th place; Persian: 1,060^th place)

"Oldest ever UK brewery discovered in Cambridgeshire roadworks - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; Persian: 109^th place)

biz.yahoo.com

"Industry Browser – Consumer Non-Cyclical – Beverages (Alcoholic) – Company List". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 5 November 2007.

zythophile.co.uk (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Cornell, Martyn (24 September 2007). "Myth 2: Hops were forbidden by Henry VI". Zythophile (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2023-07-31.

تاریخ آبجو (Persian Wikipedia)

adelaide.edu.au (Global: 3,827th place; Persian: 3,442nd place)

ebooks.adelaide.edu.au

aina.org (Global: low place; Persian: 3,385th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268th place; Persian: 243rd place)

americancraftbeerweek.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; Persian: 9th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; Persian: 29th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; Persian: 7th place)

beer-pages.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Persian: 6th place)

brewersassociation.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

craftbeer.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Persian: 2nd place)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

dreherrt.hu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 54th place; Persian: 70th place)

futurity.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474th place; Persian: 1,141st place)

io9.gizmodo.com

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; Persian: 50th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

jeeh.it (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; Persian: 72nd place)

merchantduvin.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

mirror.co.uk (Global: 245th place; Persian: 169th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; Persian: 628th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; Persian: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; Persian: 24th place)

penn.museum (Global: 9,708th place; Persian: 6,771st place)

pnas.org (Global: 1,293rd place; Persian: 1,779th place)

researchandmarkets.com (Global: low place; Persian: 5,991st place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896th place; Persian: 509th place)

slahs.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

slate.com (Global: 259th place; Persian: 438th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503rd place; Persian: 815th place)

stonepages.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 518th place; Persian: 1,005th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; Persian: 34th place)

timesofisrael.com (Global: 571st place; Persian: 577th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155th place; Persian: 317th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

ucla.edu (Global: 782nd place; Persian: 747th place)

cdli.ucla.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Persian: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; Persian: 12th place)

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309th place; Persian: 1,060th place)

yahoo.com (Global: 38th place; Persian: 109th place)

biz.yahoo.com

zythophile.co.uk (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

adelaide.edu.au (Global: 3,827^th place; Persian: 3,442^nd place)

aina.org (Global: low place; Persian: 3,385^th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; Persian: 243^rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Persian: 9^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; Persian: 29^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Persian: 7^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Persian: 6^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Persian: 2^nd place)

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; Persian: 70^th place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; Persian: 1,141^st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Persian: 50^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Persian: 72^nd place)

mirror.co.uk (Global: 245^th place; Persian: 169^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; Persian: 628^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Persian: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Persian: 24^th place)

penn.museum (Global: 9,708^th place; Persian: 6,771^st place)

pnas.org (Global: 1,293^rd place; Persian: 1,779^th place)

researchandmarkets.com (Global: low place; Persian: 5,991^st place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; Persian: 509^th place)

slate.com (Global: 259^th place; Persian: 438^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; Persian: 815^th place)

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 518^th place; Persian: 1,005^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; Persian: 34^th place)

timesofisrael.com (Global: 571^st place; Persian: 577^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; Persian: 317^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 782^nd place; Persian: 747^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Persian: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Persian: 12^th place)

xinhuanet.com (Global: 309^th place; Persian: 1,060^th place)

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; Persian: 109^th place)