تاریخ ایران (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "تاریخ ایران" in Persian language version.

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  • صادق سجادی، علی بهرامیان. «ابو مسلم خراسانی». دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی. دریافت‌شده در ۲۲ فوریه ۲۰۱۶.

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  • «CHN | News». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۷ سپتامبر ۲۰۰۷. دریافت‌شده در ۱۷ مارس ۲۰۰۸.

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  • Bunting, Madeleine, Empire of the mind, in: The Guardian, 31 January 2009, accessed: Febr. 2009.

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  • "IRAN i. LANDS OF IRAN". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  • Paleolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica
  • Paleolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica
  • Paleolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica
  • Paleolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica
  • Paleolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica
  • «Neolithic Age in Iran, Frank Hole, by Iranica». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۳ اکتبر ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۲۴ دسامبر ۲۰۱۷.
  • «NEOLITHIC AGE IN IRAN». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۵ آوریل ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۰۶-۱۲.
  • «NEOLITHIC AGE IN IRAN – Encyclopaedia Iranica». www.iranicaonline.org. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۰۳-۲۸.
  • CHRONOLOGY OF IRANIAN HISTORY PART 1 iranicaonline.org
  • Schmitt, Rüdiger (21 July 2011). "Achaemenid Dynasty". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  • «IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (1) Pre-Islamic Times – Encyclopaedia Iranica». www.iranicaonline.org. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۷ اکتبر ۲۰۲۰. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۱۳.
  • electricpulp.com. "Byzantine–Iranian Relations – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  • "ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  • Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī. «ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ». Encyclopædia Iranic. دریافت‌شده در ۲۲ فوریه ۲۰۱۶.
  • Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. "Saffarids". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  • [۴] Tylman Nagel, BUYIDS, Encyclopædia Iranica]
  • «Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۷ مه ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۲۲ مه ۲۰۱۲.
  • Iranica, Encyclopædia Iranica: BUYIDS:Their father, a certain Būya b. Fannā (Panāh) Ḵosrow was a humble fisherman from Daylam in Gīlān.
  • "IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (p – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Encyclopædia Iranica (به انگلیسی). 2004-12-15. Retrieved 2020-06-04.{{cite web}}: نگهداری یادکرد:تاریخ و سال (link)
  • «GHAZNAVIDS – Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org. ص. GHAZNAVIDS, an Islamic dynasty of Turkish slave origin (۳۶۶-۵۸۲/۹۷۷-۱۱۸۶), which in its heyday ruled in the eastern Iranian lands, briefly as far west as Ray and Jebā. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۰۸-۳۱.
  • «Encyclopaedia Iranica». ص. MAḤMUD B٫ SEBÜKTEGIN, YAMIN-AL-DAWLA ABU’L-QĀSEM, the first fully independent ruler of the Turkish Ghaznavid dynasty (see GHAZNAVIDS), who reigned (۳۸۸-۴۲۱/۹۹۸-۱۰۳۰) over what had become by his death a vast military empire stretching from northwestern Persia to the Punjab in India and from Ḵᵛārazm (Chorasmia) and the middle stretches of the Oxus River to Makrān and the Arabian Sea shores٫. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۷-۱۵.
  • «Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org. ص. Although the Ghaznavids were of Turkic origin and their military leaders were generally of the same stock, as a result of the original involvement of Sebüktegin and Mahmud in Samanid affairs and in the Samanid cultural environment, the dynasty became thoroughly Persianized (see Omidsalar, ۱۹۹۹), so that in practice one cannot consider their rule one of foreign domination٫ In terms of cultural championship and the support of Persian poets, they were far more Persian than the ethnically Iranian Buyids, whose support of Arabic letters in preference to Persian is well known٫. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۷-۱۵.
  • «دانشنامه ایرانیکا». ص. In his middle years, Maḥmūd had taken over Ḵᵛārazm (see CHORASMIA ii), and towards the end of his life, he also extended his conquests westwards across northern Persia, his prime target here being the branch of the Buyid dynasty (q٫v٫) ruling at Ray٫ On the pretext of an anti-Shiʿite crusade, he marched against Ray in ۴۲۰/۱۰۲۹, deposed its ruler Majd-al-Dawla and went on to attack various Daylamite and Kurdish princes of northwestern Persia (Ebn al-Aṯīr, IX, pp٫ ۳۷۱-۷۴)٫ Thus by his death, Maḥmūd had constituted the most powerful and extensive empire known in the Islamic world since the heyday of the ʿAbbasid caliphate٫.
  • C. E. Bosworth: Khwarazmshahs i. Descendants of the line of Anuštigin. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed. , 2009: "Little specific is known about the internal functioning of the Khwarazmian state, but its bureaucracy, directed as it was by Persian officials, must have followed the Saljuq model. This is the impression gained from the various Khwarazmian chancery and financial documents preserved in the collections of enšāʾdocuments and epistles from this period. The authors of at least three of these collections—Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182-83 or 1187-88), with his two collections of rasāʾel, and Bahāʾ-al-Din Baḡdādi, compiler of the important Ketāb al-tawaṣṣol elā al-tarassol—were heads of the Khwarazmian chancery. The Khwarazmshahs had viziers as their chief executives, on the traditional pattern, and only as the dynasty approached its end did ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad in ca. 615/1218 divide up the office amongst six commissioners (wakildārs; see Kafesoğlu, pp. 5-8, 17; Horst, pp. 10-12, 25, and passim). Nor is much specifically known of court life in Gorgānj under the Khwarazmshahs, but they had, like other rulers of their age, their court eulogists, and as well as being a noted stylist, Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ also had a considerable reputation as a poet in Persian."
  • C. E. Bosworth, "Chorasmia ii. In Islamic times" in: Encyclopaedia Iranica (reference to Turkish scholar Kafesoğlu), v, p. 140, Online Edition: "The governors were often Turkish slave commanders of the Saljuqs; one of them was Anūštigin Ḡaṛčaʾī, whose son Qoṭb-al-Dīn Moḥammad began in 490/1097 what became in effect a hereditary and largely independent line of ḵǰᵛārazmšāhs." (LINK)
  • «KHWARAZMSHAHS i. – Encyclopaedia Iranica». www.iranicaonline.org. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۰۵-۲۸.
  • Ashraf, Ahmad (2006). "IRANIAN IDENTITY iii. MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PERIOD". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XIII/5: Iran X–Iraq V. New York, NY: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. pp. 507–522. ISBN 978-0-933273-93-1. (...) the Mongol and Timurid phase, during which the name “Iran” was used for the dynastic realm and a pre-modern ethno-national history of Iranian dynasties was arranged.
  • Encyclopedia Iranica Subsequently, it came under the control of Turkmen dynasties like the Āq Qoyunlū and Qara Qoyunlū and then of local khanates like those of Qara Bāḡ and Naḵǰavān which formed a buffer region between the Ottomans and Safavids.[۷] بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۱-۰۴ توسط Wayback Machine"
  • "SAFAVID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  • "Ismail Safavi" بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۱۹-۰۷-۲۵ توسط Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Iranica.
  • Matthee, Rudi (7 February 2012). "GEORGIA vii. Georgians in the Safavid Administration". iranicaonline.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  • «ZAND DYNASTY – Encyclopaedia Iranica». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۲۱-۰۳-۰۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۳-۰۱.
  • «ĀḠĀ MOḤAMMAD KHAN QĀJĀR – Iranica». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱ مارس ۲۰۲۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۳-۰۱.

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jstor.org

  • Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct. , 1962), pp. 261-268 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia - that which was whitin the political boundries of State ruled by Iranians.
  • Savory, Roger M. (1996). "The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)". Journal of the American Oriental Society. doi:10.2307/605756. JSTOR 605756. First, the Saffarid amirs and maliks were rulers of Persian stock who for centuries championed the cause of the underdog against the might of the Abbasid caliphs.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (1969). "The Ṭāhirids and Persian Literature". Iran. 7: 104. doi:10.2307/4299615. JSTOR 4299615.
  • Taagepera, Rein (1997-01-01). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793.
  • B.G. Massialas & S.A. Jarrar (1987), "Conflicts in education in the Arab world: The present challenge", Arab Studies Quarterly: "Subjects such as history, mathematics, physical sciences, and music were added to the curriculum of Al-Nizamiyah at a later time."

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  • «Kunya-Urgench». UNESCO. ۵ فوریه ۲۰۱۳. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۳.

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  • «Kunya-Urgench». UNESCO. ۵ فوریه ۲۰۱۳. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۳.

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