حافظه کاری (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "حافظه کاری" in Persian language version.

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apa.org

psycnet.apa.org

Hulme, Charles; Roodenrys, Steven; Brown, Gordon; Mercer, Robin (November 1995). "The role of long-term memory mechanisms in memory span". British Journal of Psychology. 86 (4): 527–36. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02570.x.
O'Reilly, Randall C.; Busby, Richard S.; Soto, Rodolfo (2003). "Three forms of binding and their neural substrates: Alternatives to temporal synchrony". In Cleeremans, Axel (ed.). The unity of consciousness: Binding, integration, and dissociation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 168–90. ISBN 978-0-19-850857-1. OCLC 50747505.

content.apa.org

Yantis S, Jonides J (February 1990). "Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: voluntary versus automatic allocation". Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance. 16 (1): 121–34. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.211.5016. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.1.121. PMID 2137514.

archive.org

Pribram, Karl H.; Miller, George A.; Galanter, Eugene (1960). Plans and the structure of behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 65. ISBN 978-0-03-010075-8. OCLC 190675.
Fuster, Joaquin M. (1997). The prefrontal cortex: anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. ISBN 978-0-397-51849-4. OCLC 807338522.^{^{[کدام صفحه؟]}}
Ericsson, K. A.; Kintsch, W. (1995). "Long-term working memory". Psychological Review. 102 (2): 211–245. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.211. PMID 7740089. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Miller GA (March 1956). "The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information". Psychological Review. 63 (2): 81–97. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.308.8071. doi:10.1037/h0043158. PMID 13310704. Republished: Miller GA (April 1994). "The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. 1956". Psychological Review. 101 (2): 343–52. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.343. PMID 8022966.
Oberauer, K.; Süss, H. -M.; Schulze, R.; Wilhelm, O.; Wittmann, W. W. (December 2000). "Working memory capacity—facets of a cognitive ability construct". Personality and Individual Differences. 29 (6): 1017–45. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00251-2.
Unsworth, Nash; Engle, Randall W. (2007). "On the division of short-term and working memory: An examination of simple and complex span and their relation to higher order abilities". Psychological Bulletin. 133 (6): 1038–1066. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.1038. PMID 17967093.
Oberauer, K. Süß, H. -M. Wilhelm, O. Wittmann, W. W. (2003). "The multiple faces of working memory - storage, processing, supervision, and coordination". Intelligence. 31 (2): 167–193. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00115-0.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Engle, R. W.; Tuholski, S. W.; Laughlin, J. E.; Conway, A. R. (September 1999). "Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: a latent-variable approach". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 128 (3): 309–31. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309. PMID 10513398.
Halford, G. S.; Baker, R.; McCredden, J. E.; Bain, J. D. (January 2005). "How many variables can humans process?". Psychological Science. 16 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00782.x. PMID 15660854.
Towse, J. N.; Hitch, G. J.; Hutton, U. (April 2000). "On the interpretation of working memory span in adults". Memory & Cognition. 28 (3): 341–8. doi:10.3758/BF03198549. PMID 10881551.
Waugh NC, Norman DA (March 1965). "Primary Memory". Psychological Review. 72 (2): 89–104. doi:10.1037/h0021797. PMID 14282677.
Barrouillet P, Bernardin S, Camos V (March 2004). "Time constraints and resource sharing in adults' working memory spans". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 133 (1): 83–100. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.379.9208. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83. PMID 14979753.
van den Berg, Ronald; Awh, Edward; Ma, Wei Ji (2014). "Factorial comparison of working memory models". Psychological Review. 121 (1): 124–149. doi:10.1037/a0035234. PMC 4159389. PMID 24490791.
Oberauer K, Lewandowsky S (July 2008). "Forgetting in immediate serial recall: decay, temporal distinctiveness, or interference?". Psychological Review. 115 (3): 544–76. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.544. PMID 18729591.
Gathercole, S. E.; Pickering, S. J.; Ambridge, B.; Wearing, H. (2004). "The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age". Developmental Psychology. 40 (2): 177–190. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.2727. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.177. PMID 14979759.
Salthouse, T. A. (1994). "The aging of working memory". Neuropsychology. 8 (4): 535–543. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.8.4.535.
Kail, R. (2007). "Longitudinal evidence that increases in processing speed and working memory enhance children's reasoning". Psychological Science. 18 (4): 312–313. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01895.x. PMID 17470254.
Hertzog C, Dixon RA, Hultsch DF, MacDonald SW (December 2003). "Latent change models of adult cognition: are changes in processing speed and working memory associated with changes in episodic memory?". Psychol Aging. 18 (4): 755–69. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.755. PMID 14692862.
Park DC, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T, Davidson NS, Smith AD, Smith PK (June 2002). "Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span". Psychol Aging. 17 (2): 299–320. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.299. PMID 12061414.
Salthouse, T. A. (1996). "The processing speed theory of adult age differences in cognition". Psychological Review. 103 (3): 403–428. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.464.585. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.403. PMID 8759042.
Mayr, U.; Kliegl, R.; Krampe, R. T. (1996). "Sequential and coordinative processing dynamics in figural transformation across the life span". Cognition. 59 (1): 61–90. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00689-3. PMID 8857471.
West, R. L. (1996). "An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging". Psychological Bulletin. 120 (2): 272–292. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.2.272. PMID 8831298.
Redick, Thomas S.; Shipstead, Zach; Harrison, Tyler L.; Hicks, Kenny L.; Fried, David E.; Hambrick, David Z.; Kane, Michael J.; Engle, Randall W. (2013). "No evidence of intelligence improvement after working memory training: A randomized, placebo-controlled study". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 142 (2): 359–379. doi:10.1037/a0029082. ISSN 1939-2222. PMID 22708717.
Ashby FG, Ell SW, Valentin VV, Casale MB (November 2005). "FROST: a distributed neurocomputational model of working memory maintenance". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 17 (11): 1728–43. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.456.7179. doi:10.1162/089892905774589271. PMID 16269109.
Wager, Tor D.; Smith, Edward E. (2003-12-01). "Neuroimaging studies of working memory: a meta-analysis". Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience. 3 (4): 255–274. doi:10.3758/cabn.3.4.255. ISSN 1530-7026. PMID 15040547.
Coltheart, M. (Apr 2006). "What has functional neuroimaging told us about the mind (so far)?". Cortex. 42 (3): 323–31. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70358-7. PMID 16771037.
Ando, Juko; Ono, Yutaka; Wright, Margaret J. (2001). "Genetic Structure of Spatial and Verbal Working Memory". Behavior Genetics (به انگلیسی). 31 (6): 615–624. doi:10.1023/A:1013353613591. ISSN 0001-8244.
Daneman, Meredyth; Merikle, Philip M. (1996). "Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (به انگلیسی). 3 (4): 422–433. doi:10.3758/BF03214546. ISSN 1069-9384. PMID 24213976.
Swanson, H. Lee; Beebe-Frankenberger, Margaret (2004). "The Relationship Between Working Memory and Mathematical Problem Solving in Children at Risk and Not at Risk for Serious Math Difficulties". Journal of Educational Psychology. 96 (3): 471–491. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.471.
Roodenrys, Steven; Koloski, Natasha; Grainger, Jessica (2001). "Working memory function in attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and reading disabled children". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 19 (3): 325–337. doi:10.1348/026151001166128. ISSN 0261-510X.

books.google.com

Fuster, Joaquin (2008). The prefrontal cortex (4 ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-12-373644-4.
Benton, A. L. (1991). "The prefrontal region:Its early history". In Levin, Harvey, S.; Eisenberg, Howard, M.; Benton, Arthur, L. (eds.). Frontal lobe function and dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-19-506284-7.

brunel.ac.uk

bura.brunel.ac.uk

Gobet F (November 2000). "Some shortcomings of long-term working memory". British Journal of Psychology (Submitted manuscript). 91 (Pt 4): 551–70. doi:10.1348/000712600161989. PMID 11104178.

cf.ac.uk

orca.cf.ac.uk

Mall, Jonathan T.; Morey, Candice C.; Wolff, Michael J.; Lehnert, Franziska (2014-01-09). "Visual selective attention is equally functional for individuals with low and high working memory capacity: Evidence from accuracy and eye movements" (PDF). Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics (به انگلیسی). 76 (7): 1998–2014. doi:10.3758/s13414-013-0610-2. ISSN 1943-3921. PMID 24402698.

cmu.edu

repository.cmu.edu

Just, M. A.; Carpenter, P. A. (January 1992). "A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory". Psychological Review. 99 (1): 122–49. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.122. PMID 1546114. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2019.

doi.org

Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annu Rev Psychol. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750. PMC 4084861. PMID 23020641. WM (holding information in mind and manipulating it) is distinct from short-term memory (just holding information in mind). They cluster onto separate factors in factor analyses of children, adolescents, and adults (Alloway et al. 2004, Gathercole et al. 2004). They are linked to different neural subsystems. WM relies more on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas maintaining information in mind but not manipulating it [as long as the number of items is not huge (suprathreshold)] does not need involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (D’Esposito et al. 1999, Eldreth et al. 2006, Smith & Jonides 1999). Imaging studies show frontal activation only in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex for memory maintenance that is not suprathreshold.

WM and short-term memory also show different developmental progressions; the latter develops earlier and faster.
Cowan, Nelson (2008). What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory?. Prog. Brain Res. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 169. pp. 323–338. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00020-9. ISBN 978-0-444-53164-3. PMC 2657600. PMID 18394484.
Baddeley A (October 2003). "Working memory: looking back and looking forward". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 4 (10): 829–39. doi:10.1038/nrn1201. PMID 14523382.
Atkinson, R.C.; Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). Kenneth W Spence (ed.). Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes. The psychology of learning and motivation. Vol. 2. Academic Press. pp. 89–195. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60422-3. ISBN 978-0-12-543302-0. OCLC 185468704.
Baddeley, Alan D.; Hitch, Graham (1974). Gordon H. Bower (ed.). Working Memory. The psychology of learning and motivation. Vol. 2. Academic Press. pp. 47–89. doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1. ISBN 978-0-12-543308-2. OCLC 777285348.
Baddeley, A. D. (2000). "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?" (PDF). Trends Cogn. Sci. 4 (11): 417–423. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2. PMID 11058819.
Ericsson, K. A.; Kintsch, W. (1995). "Long-term working memory". Psychological Review. 102 (2): 211–245. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.211. PMID 7740089. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Schweppe, J. (2014). "Attention, working memory, and long-term memory in multimedia learning: A integrated perspective based on process models of working memory". Educational Psychology Review. 26 (2): 289. doi:10.1007/s10648-013-9242-2.
Oberauer K (May 2002). "Access to information in working memory: exploring the focus of attention". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 28 (3): 411–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.163.4979. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.28.3.411. PMID 12018494.
Miller GA (March 1956). "The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information". Psychological Review. 63 (2): 81–97. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.308.8071. doi:10.1037/h0043158. PMID 13310704. Republished: Miller GA (April 1994). "The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. 1956". Psychological Review. 101 (2): 343–52. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.343. PMID 8022966.
Service, Elisabet (1998-05-01). "The Effect of Word Length on Immediate Serial Recall Depends on Phonological Complexity, Not Articulatory Duration". The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A. 51 (2): 283–304. doi:10.1080/713755759. ISSN 0272-4987.
Hulme, Charles; Roodenrys, Steven; Brown, Gordon; Mercer, Robin (November 1995). "The role of long-term memory mechanisms in memory span". British Journal of Psychology. 86 (4): 527–36. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02570.x.
Cowan, Nelson (2001). "The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 24 (1): 87–185. doi:10.1017/S0140525X01003922. PMID 11515286.
Gobet F (November 2000). "Some shortcomings of long-term working memory". British Journal of Psychology (Submitted manuscript). 91 (Pt 4): 551–70. doi:10.1348/000712600161989. PMID 11104178.
Daneman, Meredyth; Carpenter, Patricia A. (August 1980). "Individual differences in working memory and reading". Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior. 19 (4): 450–66. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6.
Oberauer, K.; Süss, H. -M.; Schulze, R.; Wilhelm, O.; Wittmann, W. W. (December 2000). "Working memory capacity—facets of a cognitive ability construct". Personality and Individual Differences. 29 (6): 1017–45. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00251-2.
Unsworth, Nash; Engle, Randall W. (2007). "On the division of short-term and working memory: An examination of simple and complex span and their relation to higher order abilities". Psychological Bulletin. 133 (6): 1038–1066. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.1038. PMID 17967093.
Colom, R. Abad, F. J. Quiroga, M. A. Shih, P. C. Flores-Mendoza, C. (2008). "Working memory and intelligence are highly related constructs, but why?". Intelligence. 36 (6): 584–606. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.01.002.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Oberauer, K. Süß, H. -M. Wilhelm, O. Wittmann, W. W. (2003). "The multiple faces of working memory - storage, processing, supervision, and coordination". Intelligence. 31 (2): 167–193. doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00115-0.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Chuderski, Adam (2013-09-25). "The relational integration task explains fluid reasoning above and beyond other working memory tasks". Memory & Cognition (به انگلیسی). 42 (3): 448–463. doi:10.3758/s13421-013-0366-x. ISSN 0090-502X. PMC 3969517. PMID 24222318.
Conway AR, Kane MJ, Engle RW (December 2003). "Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 7 (12): 547–52. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.538.4967. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.005. PMID 14643371.
Engle, R. W.; Tuholski, S. W.; Laughlin, J. E.; Conway, A. R. (September 1999). "Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: a latent-variable approach". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 128 (3): 309–31. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309. PMID 10513398.
Kane, M. J.; Engle, R. W. (December 2002). "The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 9 (4): 637–71. doi:10.3758/BF03196323. PMID 12613671. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Halford, G. S.; Baker, R.; McCredden, J. E.; Bain, J. D. (January 2005). "How many variables can humans process?". Psychological Science. 16 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00782.x. PMID 15660854.
Just, M. A.; Carpenter, P. A. (January 1992). "A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory". Psychological Review. 99 (1): 122–49. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.122. PMID 1546114. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Towse, J. N.; Hitch, G. J.; Hutton, U. (April 2000). "On the interpretation of working memory span in adults". Memory & Cognition. 28 (3): 341–8. doi:10.3758/BF03198549. PMID 10881551.
Waugh NC, Norman DA (March 1965). "Primary Memory". Psychological Review. 72 (2): 89–104. doi:10.1037/h0021797. PMID 14282677.
Brown, J. (1958). "Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 10: 12–21. doi:10.1080/17470215808416249.
Peterson, L. R.; Peterson, M. J. (1959). "Short-term retention of individual verbal items". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 58 (3): 193–198. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.227.1807. doi:10.1037/h0049234. PMID 14432252.
Barrouillet P, Bernardin S, Camos V (March 2004). "Time constraints and resource sharing in adults' working memory spans". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 133 (1): 83–100. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.379.9208. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83. PMID 14979753.
Ma, W. J.; Husain, M.; Bays, P. M. (2014). "Changing concepts of working memory". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 17 (3): 347–356. doi:10.1038/nn.3655. PMC 4159388. PMID 24569831.
van den Berg, Ronald; Awh, Edward; Ma, Wei Ji (2014). "Factorial comparison of working memory models". Psychological Review. 121 (1): 124–149. doi:10.1037/a0035234. PMC 4159389. PMID 24490791.
Oberauer, Klaus; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Farrell, Simon; Jarrold, Christopher; Greaves, Martin (2012-06-20). "Modeling working memory: An interference model of complex span". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (به انگلیسی). 19 (5): 779–819. doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0272-4. ISSN 1069-9384. PMID 22715024.
Oberauer, Klaus; Kliegl, Reinhold (November 2006). "A formal model of capacity limits in working memory". Journal of Memory and Language. 55 (4): 601–26. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009.
Bancroft, T.; Servos, P. (2011). "Distractor frequency influences performance in vibrotactile working memory". Experimental Brain Research. 208 (4): 529–32. doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2501-2. PMID 21132280.
Maehara, Yukio; Saito, Satoru (February 2007). "The relationship between processing and storage in working memory span: Not two sides of the same coin". Journal of Memory and Language. 56 (2): 212–228. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.07.009.
Li, Karen Z.H. (June 1999). "Selection from Working Memory: on the Relationship between Processing and Storage Components". Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. 6 (2): 99–116. doi:10.1076/anec.6.2.99.784.
Lewandowsky S, Duncan M, Brown GD (October 2004). "Time does not cause forgetting in short-term serial recall". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 11 (5): 771–90. doi:10.3758/BF03196705. PMID 15732687.^{^{[پیوند مرده]}}
Oberauer K, Lewandowsky S (July 2008). "Forgetting in immediate serial recall: decay, temporal distinctiveness, or interference?". Psychological Review. 115 (3): 544–76. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.544. PMID 18729591.
Gathercole, S. E.; Pickering, S. J.; Ambridge, B.; Wearing, H. (2004). "The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age". Developmental Psychology. 40 (2): 177–190. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.2727. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.177. PMID 14979759.
Salthouse, T. A. (1994). "The aging of working memory". Neuropsychology. 8 (4): 535–543. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.8.4.535.
Pascual-Leone, J. (1970). "A mathematical model for the transition rule in Piaget's developmental stages". Acta Psychologica. 32: 301–345. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(70)90108-3.
Kail, R. (2007). "Longitudinal evidence that increases in processing speed and working memory enhance children's reasoning". Psychological Science. 18 (4): 312–313. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01895.x. PMID 17470254.
Andrews, G.; Halford, G. S. (2002). "A cognitive complexity metric applied to cognitive development". Cognitive Psychology. 45 (2): 153–219. doi:10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00002-6. PMID 12528901.
Hertzog C, Dixon RA, Hultsch DF, MacDonald SW (December 2003). "Latent change models of adult cognition: are changes in processing speed and working memory associated with changes in episodic memory?". Psychol Aging. 18 (4): 755–69. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.755. PMID 14692862.
Park DC, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T, Davidson NS, Smith AD, Smith PK (June 2002). "Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span". Psychol Aging. 17 (2): 299–320. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.299. PMID 12061414.
Salthouse, T. A. (1996). "The processing speed theory of adult age differences in cognition". Psychological Review. 103 (3): 403–428. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.464.585. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.403. PMID 8759042.
Mayr, U.; Kliegl, R.; Krampe, R. T. (1996). "Sequential and coordinative processing dynamics in figural transformation across the life span". Cognition. 59 (1): 61–90. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00689-3. PMID 8857471.
West, R. L. (1996). "An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging". Psychological Bulletin. 120 (2): 272–292. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.2.272. PMID 8831298.
Klingberg, T.; Forssberg, H.; Westerberg, H. (September 2002). "Training of working memory in children with ADHD". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 24 (6): 781–91. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.326.5165. doi:10.1076/jcen.24.6.781.8395. PMID 12424652.
Olesen PJ, Westerberg H, Klingberg T (January 2004). "Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory". Nature Neuroscience. 7 (1): 75–9. doi:10.1038/nn1165. PMID 14699419.
McNab, F.; Varrone, A.; Farde, L.; et al. (February 2009). "Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training". Science. 323 (5915): 800–2. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..800M. doi:10.1126/science.1166102. PMID 19197069.
Hulme, C. & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2012). "Current evidence does not support the claims made for CogMed working memory training". Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 1 (3): 197–200. doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.06.006.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Diamond A (2013). "Executive functions". Annu Rev Psychol. 64: 135–168. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750. PMC 4084861. PMID 23020641. WM (holding information in mind and manipulating it) is distinct from short-term memory (just holding information in mind). They cluster onto separate factors in factor analyses of children, adolescents, and adults (Alloway et al. 2004, Gathercole et al. 2004). They are linked to different neural subsystems. WM relies more on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas maintaining information in mind but not manipulating it [as long as the number of items is not huge (suprathreshold)] does not need involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (D’Esposito et al. 1999, Eldreth et al. 2006, Smith & Jonides 1999). Imaging studies show frontal activation only in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex for memory maintenance that is not suprathreshold.

WM and short-term memory also show different developmental progressions; the latter develops earlier and faster.
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