حالت خلأ (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "حالت خلأ" in Persian language version.

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aip.org

«AIP Physics News Update,1996». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۹ ژانویه ۲۰۰۸. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰ اكتبر ۲۰۱۵. تاریخ وارد شده در |بازبینی= را بررسی کنید (کمک)

aps.org

focus.aps.org

Physical Review Focus Dec. 1998

prola.aps.org

Klein, James J. and B. P. Nigam, Birefringence of the vacuum, Physical Review vol. 135, p. B1279-B1280 (1964).

link.aps.org

Mourou, G. A., T. Tajima, and S. V. Bulanov, Optics in the relativistic regime; § XI Nonlinear QED, Reviews of Modern Physics vol. 78 (no. 2), 309-371 (2006) pdf file بایگانی‌شده در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۰۳ توسط Wayback Machine.

arxiv.org

Bednorz, Adam (November 2013). "Relativistic invariance of the vacuum". The European Physical Journal C. 73 (12): 2654. arXiv:1209.0209. Bibcode:2013EPJC...73.2654B. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2654-9. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
David Delphenich (2006). "Nonlinear Electrodynamics and QED". arXiv:hep-th/0610088.
Holger Gies; Joerg Jaeckel; Andreas Ringwald (2006). "Polarized Light Propagating in a Magnetic Field as a Probe of Millicharged Fermions". Physical Review Letters. 97 (14). arXiv:hep-ph/0607118. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97n0402G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.140402.
Davis; Joseph Harris; Gammon; Smolyaninov; Kyuman Cho (2007). "Experimental Challenges Involved in Searches for Axion-Like Particles and Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamic Effects by Sensitive Optical Techniques". arXiv:0704.0748 [hep-th].

books.google.com

Astrid Lambrecht (Hartmut Figger, Dieter Meschede, Claus Zimmermann Eds.) (2002). "vacuum+state" Observing mechanical dissipation in the quantum vacuum: an experimental challenge; in Laser physics at the limits. Berlin/New York: Springer. p. 197. ISBN 3-540-42418-0.{{cite book}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Christopher Ray (1991). "vacuum+state" Time, space and philosophy. London/New York: Routledge. Chapter 10, p. 205. ISBN 0-415-03221-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
Walter Dittrich & Gies H (2000). Probing the quantum vacuum: perturbative effective action approach. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-67428-4.
For an historical discussion, see for example Ari Ben-Menaḥem, ed. (2009). "Quantum electrodynamics (QED)". Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 1 (5th ed.). Springer. pp. 4892 ff. ISBN 3-540-68831-5. For the Nobel prize details and the Nobel lectures by these authors see "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
Jean Letessier, Johann Rafelski (2002). "symmetry+" Hadrons and Quark-Gluon Plasma. Cambridge University Press. p. 37 ff. ISBN 0-521-38536-9.
Myron Wyn Evans, Stanisław Kielich (1994). Modern nonlinear optics, Volume 85, Part 3. John Wiley & Sons. p. 462. ISBN 0-471-57548-8. For all field states that have classical analog the field quadrature variances are also greater than or equal to this commutator.
David Nikolaevich Klyshko (1988). Photons and nonlinear optics. Taylor & Francis. p. 126. ISBN 2-88124-669-9.
Milton K. Munitz (1990). Cosmic Understanding: Philosophy and Science of the Universe. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 0-691-02059-0. The spontaneous, temporary emergence of particles from vacuum is called a "vacuum fluctuation".
For an example, see P. C. W. Davies (1982). The accidental universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 0-521-28692-1.
A vaguer description is provided by Jonathan Allday (2002). Quarks, leptons and the big bang (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 224 ff. ISBN 0-7503-0806-0. The interaction will last for a certain duration Δt. This implies that the amplitude for the total energy involved in the interaction is spread over a range of energies ΔE.
This "borrowing" idea has led to proposals for using the zero-point energy of vacuum as an infinite reservoir and a variety of "camps" about this interpretation. See, for example, Moray B. King (2001). Quest for zero point energy: engineering principles for 'free energy' inventions. Adventures Unlimited Press. pp. 124 ff. ISBN 0-932813-94-1.
Quantities satisfying a canonical commutation rule are said to be noncompatible observables, by which is meant that they can both be measured simultaneously only with limited precision. See Kiyosi Itô (1993). "§ 351 (XX.23) C: Canonical commutation relations". Encyclopedic dictionary of mathematics (2nd ed.). MIT Press. p. 1303. ISBN 0-262-59020-4.

doi.org

Bednorz, Adam (November 2013). "Relativistic invariance of the vacuum". The European Physical Journal C. 73 (12): 2654. arXiv:1209.0209. Bibcode:2013EPJC...73.2654B. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2654-9. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Holger Gies; Joerg Jaeckel; Andreas Ringwald (2006). "Polarized Light Propagating in a Magnetic Field as a Probe of Millicharged Fermions". Physical Review Letters. 97 (14). arXiv:hep-ph/0607118. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97n0402G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.140402.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bednorz, Adam (November 2013). "Relativistic invariance of the vacuum". The European Physical Journal C. 73 (12): 2654. arXiv:1209.0209. Bibcode:2013EPJC...73.2654B. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2654-9. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
Holger Gies; Joerg Jaeckel; Andreas Ringwald (2006). "Polarized Light Propagating in a Magnetic Field as a Probe of Millicharged Fermions". Physical Review Letters. 97 (14). arXiv:hep-ph/0607118. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97n0402G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.140402.

kek.jp

acc-physics.kek.jp

Mourou, G. A., T. Tajima, and S. V. Bulanov, Optics in the relativistic regime; § XI Nonlinear QED, Reviews of Modern Physics vol. 78 (no. 2), 309-371 (2006) pdf file بایگانی‌شده در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۰۳ توسط Wayback Machine.

nobelprize.org

For an historical discussion, see for example Ari Ben-Menaḥem, ed. (2009). "Quantum electrodynamics (QED)". Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 1 (5th ed.). Springer. pp. 4892 ff. ISBN 3-540-68831-5. For the Nobel prize details and the Nobel lectures by these authors see "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-02-06.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Bednorz, Adam (November 2013). "Relativistic invariance of the vacuum". The European Physical Journal C. 73 (12): 2654. arXiv:1209.0209. Bibcode:2013EPJC...73.2654B. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2654-9. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

web.archive.org

«AIP Physics News Update,1996». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۹ ژانویه ۲۰۰۸. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰ اكتبر ۲۰۱۵. تاریخ وارد شده در |بازبینی= را بررسی کنید (کمک)
Mourou, G. A., T. Tajima, and S. V. Bulanov, Optics in the relativistic regime; § XI Nonlinear QED, Reviews of Modern Physics vol. 78 (no. 2), 309-371 (2006) pdf file بایگانی‌شده در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۰۳ توسط Wayback Machine.