زبان آلمانی (Persian Wikipedia)

"Foreign Language Enrollments in K–12 Public Schools" (PDF). American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

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"Die am häufigsten üblicherweise zu Hause gesprochenen Sprachen der ständigen Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren – 2012–2014, 2013–2015, 2014–2016" (XLS) (official site) (به آلمانی، فرانسوی و ایتالیایی). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Federal Statistical Office FSO. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-01.

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"Lei N. º 14.061, de 23 de julho de 2012". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.

archive.org

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Waterman 1976. Waterman, John (1976). A history of the German language: with special reference to the cultural and social forces that shaped the standard literary language (Rev. ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-73807-9.
Scherer & Jankowsky 1995. Scherer, Wilhelm; Jankowsky, Kurt R. (1995). Zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache [On the history of the German language]. Oxford University. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: J. Benjamins.
Robinson 1992, p. 16. Robinson, Orrin W. (1992). Old English and its closest relatives: a survey of the earliest Germanic languages. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-2221-6.

az.com.na

Fischer, Stefan (18 August 2007). "Anpacken für Deutsch" [German in Namibia] (PDF). Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung (به آلمانی). Namibia Media Holdings. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2008.

babelstone.co.uk

Andrew West (2006): The Rules for Long S.

bestpravo.com

russia.bestpravo.com

"УСТАВ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09 УСТАВ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "АЗОВСКИЙ НЕМЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РАЙОН ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (ПРИНЯТ РЕШЕНИЕМ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09, ЗАРЕГИСТРИРОВАН ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕМ ЗС ОТ 25.06.2002 N 106)" [Charter of the Azov District Council of 05.21.2002 N 5-09 Charter of the municipal]. russia.bestpravo.com (به روسی). Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

books.google.com

Scherer 1868. Scherer, Wilhelm (1868). Zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache [On the history of the German language] (به آلمانی). Berlin: Franz Duncker. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2015. Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2015). Ethnologue: Languages of Africa and Europe, Eighteenth Edition (18th ed.). Dallas: SIL International. ISBN 978-1-55671-391-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2020. Sum of Standard German, Swiss German, and all German dialects not listed under "Standard German".
Holm 1989. Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey (به انگلیسی) (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
Swadesh 1971. Swadesh, Morris (1971). The Origin and Diversification of Language. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-202-36982-2. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2020.

census.gov

"Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000" (PDF). census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 15 March 2010.

coe.int

conventions.coe.int

Bureau des Traités. "Recherches sur les traités". Conventions.coe.int. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
Bureau des Traités. "Recherches sur les traités". Conventions.coe.int. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

dartmouth.edu

"Foreign Words (Fremdwörter)". www.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-23.

doi.org

Weiss 1995. Weiss, Gerhard (1995). "Up-to-Date and with a Past: The "Duden" and its History". Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German. 28 (1): 7–12. doi:10.2307/3531328. JSTOR 3531328.
Steinicke et al. 1999. Steinicke, Ernst; Walder, Judith; Löffler, Roland; Beismann, Michael (20 December 1999). "Autochthonous Linguistic Minorities in the Italian Alps". Revue de Géographie Alpine (99–2). doi:10.4000/rga.1454. S2CID 85526804.
Deumert 2003. Deumert, Ama (2003). Markedness and salience in language contact and second-language acquisition: evidence from a non-canonical contact language. Language Sciences. Vol. 25. Elsevier Ltd. pp. 561–613. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00033-0. ISSN 0388-0001.
Wagner 2000. Wagner, Claudio (2000). "Las áreas de "bocha", "polca" y "murra". Contacto de lenguas en el sur de Chile" [The "bocha", "polka" and "murra" areas. Language contact in southern Chile]. Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares (به اسپانیایی). 55 (1): 185–196. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2000.v55.i1.432. S2CID 145209650.

dw.com

ابتکار تازه‌ای برای آموزش زبان آلمانی، دویچه وله فارسی

e-ipol.org

"IPOL realizará formação de recenseadores para o censo linguístico do município de Antônio Carlos-SC" [IPOL will carry out training of enumerators for the linguistic census of the municipality of Antônio Carlos-SC]. e-ipol.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

ethniccommunities.govt.nz

"Top 25 Languages in New Zealand". ethniccommunities.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 2018-10-18.

ethnologue.com

"Kazakhstan – Languages". ethnologue.com. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and their languages" (PDF) (report). European Commission. June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
"Foreign language learning statistics – Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

fachportal-paedagogik.de

Nerius 2000. Nerius, Dieter (2000). "Die Rolle der II. Orthographischen Konferenz (1901) in der Geschichte der deutschen Rechtschreibung". Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie. 119 (1). ISSN 0044-2496. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

files.wordpress.com

claudiovereza.files.wordpress.com

"Legislative Assembly of the state of Espírito Santo (Commissioner for Culture and Social Communication – Addition to the constitutional amendment number 11/2009 establishing the East Pomeranian dialect as well as German as cultural heritage of the state" (PDF). Claudiovereza.files.wordpress.com. February 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

glottolog.org

Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Alpine Germanic". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. {{cite book}}: Invalid |display-editors=4 (help)

goethe.de

"Deutsch als Fremdsprache weltweit. Datenerhebung 2015 – Worldwide survey of people learning German; conducted by the German Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Goethe Institute" (PDF). Goethe.de. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

gov.za

"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

gugik.gov.pl

ksng.gugik.gov.pl

"Map on page of Polish Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

ircambridge.com

ایران کمبریج (۲۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۲۰). «حروف الفبای آلمانی».

itarana.es.gov.br

Leite, Robson V. (2019-03-23). "Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana - Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana" (به پرتغالی). Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
Schneider, Ademar. "PROVISIONS ON CO-OFFICIALIZATION OF THE POMERAN LANGUAGE IN THE MUNICIPALITY FROM ITARANA, STATE OF ESPÍRITO SANTO AND GIVE OTHER PROVIDENCES" (PDF). itarana.es.gov.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2020-10-16.

jstor.org

Weiss 1995. Weiss, Gerhard (1995). "Up-to-Date and with a Past: The "Duden" and its History". Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German. 28 (1): 7–12. doi:10.2307/3531328. JSTOR 3531328.

lefigaro.fr

"Charte européenne des langues régionales: Hollande nourrit la guerre contre le français" [European Charter for Regional Languages: Hollande fuels the war against French]. lefigaro.fr. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

lerncafe.de

Szczocarz, Roma (2017). "Pommern in Brasilien" [Pomerania in Brazil]. www.lerncafe.de. ViLE-Netzwerk. Retrieved 2017-07-27.

levada.ru

"Знание иностранных языков в России" (به روسی). Levada Centre. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.

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"Germans from Russia Heritage Collection". library.ndsu.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-19. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

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"Über den Rat". Institute for the German Language. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
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api.semanticscholar.org

Steinicke et al. 1999. Steinicke, Ernst; Walder, Judith; Löffler, Roland; Beismann, Michael (20 December 1999). "Autochthonous Linguistic Minorities in the Italian Alps". Revue de Géographie Alpine (99–2). doi:10.4000/rga.1454. S2CID 85526804.
Wagner 2000. Wagner, Claudio (2000). "Las áreas de "bocha", "polca" y "murra". Contacto de lenguas en el sur de Chile" [The "bocha", "polka" and "murra" areas. Language contact in southern Chile]. Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares (به اسپانیایی). 55 (1): 185–196. doi:10.3989/rdtp.2000.v55.i1.432. S2CID 145209650.

spellingsociety.org

Upward 1997. Upward, Chris (1997). "Spelling Reform in German". Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society. J21. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.

statista.com

"The most spoken languages worldwide (speakers and native speaker in millions)". New York City: Statista, The Statistics Portal. Retrieved 11 July 2015. Native speakers=105, total speakers=185

uni-frankfurt.de

titus.uni-frankfurt.de

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usefoundation.org

"Kazakhstan – Law on Languages". usefoundation.org. 11 July 1997. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

web.archive.org

"Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and their languages" (PDF) (report). European Commission. June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
Scherer 1868. Scherer, Wilhelm (1868). Zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache [On the history of the German language] (به آلمانی). Berlin: Franz Duncker. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
Nerius 2000. Nerius, Dieter (2000). "Die Rolle der II. Orthographischen Konferenz (1901) in der Geschichte der deutschen Rechtschreibung". Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie. 119 (1). ISSN 0044-2496. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
Upward 1997. Upward, Chris (1997). "Spelling Reform in German". Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society. J21. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.
Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2015. Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2015). Ethnologue: Languages of Africa and Europe, Eighteenth Edition (18th ed.). Dallas: SIL International. ISBN 978-1-55671-391-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2020. Sum of Standard German, Swiss German, and all German dialects not listed under "Standard German".
Bureau des Traités. "Recherches sur les traités". Conventions.coe.int. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
"Kazakhstan – Law on Languages". usefoundation.org. 11 July 1997. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
"Map on page of Polish Commission on Standardization of Geographical Names" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"УСТАВ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09 УСТАВ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "АЗОВСКИЙ НЕМЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РАЙОН ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (ПРИНЯТ РЕШЕНИЕМ АЗОВСКОГО РАЙОННОГО СОВЕТА ОТ 21.05.2002 N 5-09, ЗАРЕГИСТРИРОВАН ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕМ ЗС ОТ 25.06.2002 N 106)" [Charter of the Azov District Council of 05.21.2002 N 5-09 Charter of the municipal]. russia.bestpravo.com (به روسی). Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
Bureau des Traités. "Recherches sur les traités". Conventions.coe.int. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
Fischer, Stefan (18 August 2007). "Anpacken für Deutsch" [German in Namibia] (PDF). Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung (به آلمانی). Namibia Media Holdings. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2008.
"Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000" (PDF). census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
"Germans from Russia Heritage Collection". library.ndsu.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-19. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
"IPOL realizará formação de recenseadores para o censo linguístico do município de Antônio Carlos-SC" [IPOL will carry out training of enumerators for the linguistic census of the municipality of Antônio Carlos-SC]. e-ipol.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
Leite, Robson V. (2019-03-23). "Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana - Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana" (به پرتغالی). Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
Schneider, Ademar. "PROVISIONS ON CO-OFFICIALIZATION OF THE POMERAN LANGUAGE IN THE MUNICIPALITY FROM ITARANA, STATE OF ESPÍRITO SANTO AND GIVE OTHER PROVIDENCES" (PDF). itarana.es.gov.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
"Lei N. º 14.061, de 23 de julho de 2012". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
"Top 25 Languages in New Zealand". ethniccommunities.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
Holm 1989. Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey (به انگلیسی) (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
"Знание иностранных языков в России" (به روسی). Levada Centre. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
"Foreign Language Enrollments in K–12 Public Schools" (PDF). American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
Swadesh 1971. Swadesh, Morris (1971). The Origin and Diversification of Language. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-202-36982-2. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2020.

worldcat.org

Nerius 2000. Nerius, Dieter (2000). "Die Rolle der II. Orthographischen Konferenz (1901) in der Geschichte der deutschen Rechtschreibung". Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie. 119 (1). ISSN 0044-2496. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
Deumert 2003. Deumert, Ama (2003). Markedness and salience in language contact and second-language acquisition: evidence from a non-canonical contact language. Language Sciences. Vol. 25. Elsevier Ltd. pp. 561–613. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00033-0. ISSN 0388-0001.

zabanway.ir

«صفحه نخست». آکادمیِ راهِ زبان. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۵-۰۱-۱۲.