سلطان محمود غزنوی (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "سلطان محمود غزنوی" in Persian language version.

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archive.org

books.google.com

  • Sethi, R. R.; Saran, Parmatma; Bhandari, D. R. (1951). The March of Indian History (به انگلیسی). Ranjit Printers & Publishers. p. 269.
  • Sharma, Ramesh Chandra (1994). The Splendour of Mathurā Art and Museum (به انگلیسی). D.K. Printworld. p. 38. ISBN 978-81-246-0015-3.
  • Baumer, Christoph (30 May 2016). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1-83860-939-9. In 1026, warriors of the Jats, the indigenous population of Sindh, inflicted heavy losses on Mahmud's army when he retreated from Somnath to Multan. Mahmud returned a year later to take revenge on the Jats, who had been stubbornly resisting forced Islamisation since the eighth century. As the contemporary writer Gardizi reports, Mahmud had 1,400 boats built; each boat was to carry 20 archers and be equipped with special projectiles that could be filled with naphtha. Mahmud's fleet sailed down the Jhelum and then the Indus, until it met the Jat fleet. Although the Jats had far more boats than Mahmud, their fleet was set ablaze and destroyed.

britannica.com

  • "Ghaznavid dynasty | Turkic dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica (به انگلیسی). p. Ghaznavid dynasty, (977–1186 CE), dynasty of Turkic origin that ruled in Khorāsān (in northeastern Iran), Afghanistan, and northern India. Retrieved 2020-08-31.

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ganjoor.net

hfrjournal.ir

iranicaonline.org

  • «GHAZNAVIDS – Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org. ص. GHAZNAVIDS, an Islamic dynasty of Turkish slave origin (۳۶۶-۵۸۲/۹۷۷-۱۱۸۶), which in its heyday ruled in the eastern Iranian lands, briefly as far west as Ray and Jebā. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۰۸-۳۱.
  • «Encyclopaedia Iranica». ص. MAḤMUD B٫ SEBÜKTEGIN, YAMIN-AL-DAWLA ABU’L-QĀSEM, the first fully independent ruler of the Turkish Ghaznavid dynasty (see GHAZNAVIDS), who reigned (۳۸۸-۴۲۱/۹۹۸-۱۰۳۰) over what had become by his death a vast military empire stretching from northwestern Persia to the Punjab in India and from Ḵᵛārazm (Chorasmia) and the middle stretches of the Oxus River to Makrān and the Arabian Sea shores٫. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۷-۱۵.
  • «Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org. ص. Although the Ghaznavids were of Turkic origin and their military leaders were generally of the same stock, as a result of the original involvement of Sebüktegin and Mahmud in Samanid affairs and in the Samanid cultural environment, the dynasty became thoroughly Persianized (see Omidsalar, ۱۹۹۹), so that in practice one cannot consider their rule one of foreign domination٫ In terms of cultural championship and the support of Persian poets, they were far more Persian than the ethnically Iranian Buyids, whose support of Arabic letters in preference to Persian is well known٫. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۱-۰۷-۱۵.
  • «دانشنامه ایرانیکا». ص. In his middle years, Maḥmūd had taken over Ḵᵛārazm (see CHORASMIA ii), and towards the end of his life, he also extended his conquests westwards across northern Persia, his prime target here being the branch of the Buyid dynasty (q٫v٫) ruling at Ray٫ On the pretext of an anti-Shiʿite crusade, he marched against Ray in ۴۲۰/۱۰۲۹, deposed its ruler Majd-al-Dawla and went on to attack various Daylamite and Kurdish princes of northwestern Persia (Ebn al-Aṯīr, IX, pp٫ ۳۷۱-۷۴)٫ Thus by his death, Maḥmūd had constituted the most powerful and extensive empire known in the Islamic world since the heyday of the ʿAbbasid caliphate٫.

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