شیر (گربه‌سان) (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "شیر (گربه‌سان)" in Persian language version.

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africageographic.com

Why lions recover quickly from injuries Africa Geographic. October 23, 2015

aftabnews.ir

چهارده شیر باغ‌وحش ارم با شلیک گلوله کشته شدند!، خبرگزاری آفتاب، ۲۶ دی ۱۳۸۹، بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۵ مه ۲۰۱۲، دریافت‌شده در ۲۱ مه ۲۰۱۲

apll.ir

«گربه‌ایان» [زیست‌شناسی- علوم جانوری] هم‌ارزِ «Felidae»؛ منبع: گروه واژه‌گزینی. جواد میرشکاری، ویراستار. دفتر پنجم. فرهنگ واژه‌های مصوب فرهنگستان. تهران: انتشارات فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی. شابک ۹۷۸-۹۶۴-۷۵۳۱-۷۶-۴ (ذیل سرواژهٔ گربه‌ایان)

archive.org

Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis Leo". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (به Latin). Vol. 1 (Tenth reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 41.{{cite book}}: نگهداری یادکرد:زبان ناشناخته (link)
Pocock, R. I. (1951). Catalogue of the genus Felis. London: British Museum (Natural History).
Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Panthera leo". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. pp. 212–222.
Smith, C.H. (1842). "Black maned lion Leo melanochaita". In Jardine, W. (ed.). The Naturalist's Library. Vol. 15. Mammalia. London: Chatto and Windus. p. Plate X, 177.

arushatimes.co.tz

Valentine, Marc Nkwame, King of the jungle in jeopardy (به انگلیسی), The Arusha Times, archived from the original on 25 December 2018, retrieved 21 May 2012

asiatic-lion.org

Past and present distribution of the lion in North Africa and Southwest Asia (به انگلیسی), Asiatic Lion Information Centre. Wildlife Conservation Trust of India, archived from the original on 10 May 2008, retrieved 17 April 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |ناشر= (help)

asiaticlion.org

Asiatic Lion: Population (به انگلیسی), Asiatic Lion Information Centre. Wildlife Conservation Trust of India, archived from the original on 13 August 2011, retrieved 17 April 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |ناشر= (help)
Gir Floristic (به انگلیسی), Asiatic Lion Information Centre. Wildlife Conservation Trust of India, archived from the original on 16 September 2011, retrieved 16 April 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |ناشر= (help)
Asiatic Lion: History (به انگلیسی), Asiatic Lion Information Centre. Wildlife Conservation Trust of India, archived from the original on 18 August 2011, retrieved 17 April 2012 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |ناشر= (help)

avfc.co.uk

Aston Villa Official Website (به انگلیسی), archived from the original on 21 February 2011, retrieved 18 May 2012

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Africa: Lions see off hyenas (به انگلیسی), BBC News, archived from the original on 1 October 2012, retrieved 12 May 2012

bbc.com

«۵ افسانه مربوط به شیرها؛ 'شیرشاه' وجود دارد؟». بی‌بی‌سی فارسی. ۱۲ خرداد ۱۳۹۸.

biomedcentral.com

Barnett et al, “Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo”. Barnett, Ross; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Shapiro, Beth; Ho, Simon Y.W.; Barnes, Ian; Sabin, Richard (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology (به انگلیسی). ۱۴ (۷۰). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Genus Panthera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 546–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Pantherinae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 545–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

catsg.org

O'Brien, Wildt and Bush, “The Cheetah in Genetic Peril”. O'Brien, Stephen J.; Wildt, David E.; Bush, Mitchell (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril". Scientific American (به انگلیسی) (۲۵۴): ۶۸–۷۶. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2012.

chelseafc.com

"Chelsea Official Website" (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

detroitlions.com

Detroit Lions Official Website (به انگلیسی), archived from the original on 24 April 2012, retrieved 18 May 2012

digimorph.org

„Panthera leo“ (On-line) In: Digital Morphology, 7. March 2021

doi.org

Johnson, W.E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W.J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S.J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16400146. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Davis, B.W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W.J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C. (2011). "Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
Piras, P.; Silvestro, D.; Carotenuto, F.; Castiglione, S.; Kotsakis, A.; Maiorino, L.; Melchionna, M.; Mondanaro, A.; Sansalone, G. , Serio, C. and Vero, V.A. (2018). "Evolution of the sabertooth mandible: A deadly ecomorphological specialization". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 496: 166−174. Bibcode:2018PPP...496..166P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.034.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Tseng, Z.J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G.J.; Takeuchi, G.T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Xie, G. (2014). "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686. PMC 3843846. PMID 24225466. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Yamaguchi et al, “Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion”. Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Cooper, Alan; Werdelin, Lars; Macdonald, David W. (2004). "Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion (Panthera leo): a review". Journal of Zoology (به انگلیسی). ۲۶۳ (۴): ۳۲۹–۳۴۲. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005242.
Burger et al, “Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea”. Burger, Joachim; Rosendahl, Wilfried; Loreille, Odile; Hemmer, Helmut; Eriksson, Torsten (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (به انگلیسی). ۳۰ (۳): ۸۴۱–۸۴۹. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020.
Barnett et al, “Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo”. Barnett, Ross; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Shapiro, Beth; Ho, Simon Y.W.; Barnes, Ian; Sabin, Richard (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology (به انگلیسی). ۱۴ (۷۰). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70.
Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
Burger and Hemmer, “Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion”. Burger, Joachim; Hemmer, Helmut (2006). "Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo Linnaeus 1758)" (PDF). European Journal of Wildlife Research (به انگلیسی). ۵۲ (۱): ۵۴. doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0009-z.
Black et al, “Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity”. Black, Simon; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Harland, Adrian; Groombridge, Jim (2010). "Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity: an analysis of Moroccan Royal Lions". European Journal of Wildlife Research (به انگلیسی). ۵۶ (۱): ۲۱–۳۱. doi:10.1007/s10344-009-0280-5.
Manuel, M. d.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M. -H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K. -P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O’Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117.
Sotnikova, M.V. , Foronova, I.V. (2014). "First Asian record of Panthera (Leo) fossilis (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) in the Early Pleistocene of Western Siberia, Russia". Integrative Zoology. 9 (4): 517–530. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12082. PMID 24382145.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:استفاده از پارامتر نویسندگان (link)
Stuart, A. J. , Lister, A. M. (2011). "Extinction chronology of the cave lion Panthera spelaea". Quaternary Science Reviews. 30 (17): 2329–2340. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.023.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:استفاده از پارامتر نویسندگان (link)
Barnett, R. , Shapiro, B. , Barnes, I. A. N. , Ho, S. Y. , Burger, J. , Yamaguchi, N. , Higham, T. F. , Wheeler, H. , Rosendahl, W. , Sher, A. V. , Sotnikova, M. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2012.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:استفاده از پارامتر نویسندگان (link)
Barnett, R.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Soares, A. E. R.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Zazula, G.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Kirillova, I. V.; Larson, G.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). "Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), Resolve its Position within the Panthera Cats". Open Quaternary. 2: 4. doi:10.5334/oq.24.
Bocherens, H. (2015). "Isotopic tracking of large carnivore palaeoecology in the mammoth steppe". Quaternary Science Reviews. 117: 42–71. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.018.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. (2017). "The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 16 (#8): 850–864. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009.
West and Packer, “Sexual Selection, Temperature, and the Lion's Mane”. West, Peyton M.; Packer, Craig (2002). "Sexual Selection, Temperature, and the Lion's Mane". Science (به انگلیسی). ۲۹۷ (۵۵۸۵): ۱۳۳۹–۱۳۴۳. doi:10.1126/science.1073257. PMID ۱۲۱۹۳۷۸۵. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Packer and Pusey, “Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males”. Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. (1983). "Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males". American Naturalist (به انگلیسی). ۱۲۱ (۵): ۷۱۶–۷۲۸. doi:۱۰٫۱۰۸۶/۲۸۴۰۹۷. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
Fosbrooke, “The stomoxys plague in Ngorongoro”. Fosbrooke, Henry (1963). "The stomoxys plague in Ngorongoro". East African Wildlife Journal (به انگلیسی). ۱ (۶): ۱۲۴–۱۲۶. doi:۱۰٫۲۳۰۷/۱۷۸۱۷۱۸. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
Roelke-Parker et al, “A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions”. Roelke-Parker, M.E.; Munson, Linda; Packer, Craig; Kock, Richard; Cleaveland, Sarah (1996). "A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature (به انگلیسی). ۳۷۹ (۶۵۶۴): ۴۴۱–۴۴۵. doi:10.1038/379441a0. PMID ۸۵۵۹۲۴۷. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Heinsohn and Packer, “Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions”. Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions". Science (به انگلیسی). ۲۶۹ (۵۲۲۸): ۱۲۶۰–۶۲. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID ۷۶۵۲۵۷۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Morell, “Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory”. Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science (به انگلیسی). ۲۶۹ (۵۲۲۸): ۱۲۱۶–۱۷. doi:10.1126/science.7652566. PMID ۷۶۵۲۵۶۶. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Jahn, “Lioness Leadership”. Jahn, Gary C. (1996). "Lioness Leadership". Science (به انگلیسی). ۲۷۱ (۵۲۵۳): ۱۲۱۶–۱۲۱۷. doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1215a. PMID ۱۷۸۲۰۹۲۲. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Hayward and Kerley, “Prey preferences of the lion”. Hayward, Matt W.; Kerley, Graham (2005). "Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)". Journal of Zoology (به انگلیسی). ۲۶۷ (۳): ۳۰۹–۳۲۲. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007508.
Hayward, “Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena”. Hayward, M. W. (2006). "Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology (به انگلیسی). ۲۷۰: ۶۰۶–۶۱۴. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.
Trinkel and Kastberger, “Competitive interactions between spotted hyenas and lions”. Trinkel, Martina; Kastberger, Gerald (2005). "Competitive interactions between spotted hyenas and lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia". African Journal of Ecology (به انگلیسی). ۴۳ (۳): ۲۲۰–۲۲۴. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00574.x.
Woodroffe and Ginsberg, “Conserving the African wild dog”. Woodroffe, Rosie; Ginsberg, Joshua R. (1999). "Conserving the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. I. Diagnosing and treating causes of decline". Oryx (به انگلیسی). ۳۳ (۲): ۱۳۲–۱۴۲. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00052.x.
Bauer and Van Der Merwe, “Inventory of free-ranging lions Panthera leo in Africa”. Bauer, H.; Van Der Merwe, S. (2004). "Inventory of free-ranging lions Panthera leo in Africa". Oryx (به انگلیسی). ۳۸ (۱): ۲۶–۳۱. doi:10.1017/S0030605304000055.
Tumenta et al, “Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park”. Tumenta, P. N.; Kok, J. S.; van Rijssel, J. C.; Buij, R.; Croes, B. M. (2010). "Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon". African Journal of Ecology (به انگلیسی). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ۴۸ (۴): ۸۸۸–۸۹۴. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01181.x.
Saberwal et al, “Lion–Human Conflict in the Gir Forest, India”. Saberwal, Vasant K; Gibbs, James P.; Chellam, Ravi; Johnsingh, A. J. T. (1994). "Lion–Human Conflict in the Gir Forest, India". Conservation Biology (به انگلیسی). ۸ (۲): ۵۰۱–۵۰۷. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020501.x.
Baldus, “A man-eating lion (Panthera leo) from Tanzania with a toothache”. Baldus, Rolf D. (2006). "A man-eating lion (Panthera leo) from Tanzania with a toothache". European Journal of Wildlife Research (به انگلیسی). ۵۲ (۱): ۵۹–۶۲. doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0008-0.

dx.doi.org

Per Christiansen, John M. Harris: Craniomandibular Morphology and Phylogenetic Affinities of Panthera atrox: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of the Lion Lineage. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3), 2009; S. 934–945. doi:10.1671/039.029.0314

fossilworks.org

Fossilworks: Panthera leo بایگانی‌شده در ۱۴ آوریل ۲۰۲۱ توسط Wayback Machine.

gg.ca

archive.gg.ca

The Canadian Heraldic Authority (به انگلیسی), Governor General of Canada, archived from the original on 28 June 2010, retrieved 18 May 2012

ghiasabadi.com

رضا مرادی غیاث‌آبادی، خاستگاه کیهانی نگاره‌های یورش شیر به گاو، بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۴ مه ۲۰۱۲، دریافت‌شده در ۲۱ مه ۲۰۱۲

google.com

Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Genus Panthera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 546–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Pantherinae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 545–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

guinnessworldrecords.com

"Farthest distance travelled by a human voice" (به انگلیسی). guinnessworldrecords. Retrieved 8 January 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Johnson, W.E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W.J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S.J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16400146. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C. (2011). "Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
Piras, P.; Silvestro, D.; Carotenuto, F.; Castiglione, S.; Kotsakis, A.; Maiorino, L.; Melchionna, M.; Mondanaro, A.; Sansalone, G. , Serio, C. and Vero, V.A. (2018). "Evolution of the sabertooth mandible: A deadly ecomorphological specialization". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 496: 166−174. Bibcode:2018PPP...496..166P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.034.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
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