فرگشت (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "فرگشت" in Persian language version.

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89nih.gov

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Dobzhansky, Theodosius 1973. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. American Biology Teacher 35, 125-129. http://www.2think.org/dobzhansky.shtml

aaas.org

Board of Directors, American Association for the Advancement of Science (۲۰۰۶-۰۲-۱۶). "Statement on the Teaching of Evolution" (PDF). American Association for the Advancement of Science. from the world's largest general scientific society
From the انجمن پیشبرد علوم آمریکا، the world's largest general scientific society: 2006 Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF file), AAAS Denounces Anti-Evolution Laws بایگانی‌شده در ۲۱ آوریل ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine

agahpub.ir

آشوری، داریوش (۱۳۹۳). تعریف‌ها و مفهوم فرهنگ (ویراست ۳). نشر آگه. ص. ۱۵۳. شابک ۹۷۸۹۶۴۳۲۹۰۱۲۲. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۳ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۵. دریافت‌شده در ۹ ژوئن ۲۰۱۵.

archive.org

Futuyma, Douglas J. (2005). Evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-87893-187-2.
Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution:The History of an Idea. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23693-9.
Will Provine (1971). The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-68464-4.
Bowler, Peter J. (1989). The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-3888-0.
Phylogenetics: Theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 2011. p. ۳۹۰. doi:10.1002/9781118017883.fmatter.
Ewens W.J. (2004). Mathematical Population Genetics (2nd Edition). Springer-Verlag, New York. ISBN 0-387-20191-2.
Haldane, J. B. S. (March 14, 1959). "The Theory of Natural Selection To-Day". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 183 (4663): 710–713. Bibcode:1959Natur.183..710H. doi:10.1038/183710a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 13644170.
Ereshefsky, M. (1992). "Eliminative pluralism". Philosophy of Science. 59 (4): 671–690. doi:10.1086/289701. JSTOR 188136.
Benton MJ (1995). "Diversification and extinction in the history of life". Science. 268 (5207): 52–8. Bibcode:1995Sci...268...52B. doi:10.1126/science.7701342. PMID 7701342.
Theobald, DL. (2010). "A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. 465 (7295): 219–22. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..219T. doi:10.1038/nature09014. PMID 20463738.
Bapteste E, Walsh DA (2005). "Does the 'Ring of Life' ring true?". Trends Microbiol. 13 (6): 256–61. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.03.012. PMID 15936656.
Fraser AS (1958). "Monte Carlo analyses of genetic models". Nature. 181 (4603): 208–9. Bibcode:1958Natur.181..208F. doi:10.1038/181208a0. PMID 13504138.

bbc.co.uk

«برآیش هستی از دیدگاه داروین». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۵ آوریل ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۲۲ آوریل ۲۰۱۳.

binghamton.edu

evolution.binghamton.edu

Wilson, D. S.; Wilson, E. O. (2007). "Rethinking the theoretical foundation of sociobiology" (PDF). The Quarterly Review of Biology. ۸۲ (۴). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

books.google.com

(Hall و Hallgrímsson 2008، صص. 4–6)
Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences (Third ed.). Marcel Dekker, انتشارات سی‌آرسی. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6.

britannica.com

Encyclopædia Britannica Online

bscs.org

Cracraft, J.; Bybee, R. W., eds. (2004). Evolutionary science and society: Educating a new generation. Revised Proceedings of the BSCS, AIBS Symposium. Chicago, IL. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2012.

cambridge.org

journals.cambridge.org

Jablonka, E.; Lamb, M. J. (2007). "Précis of evolution in four dimensions". Behavioural and Brain Sciences. ۳۰: ۳۵۳–۳۹۲. doi:10.1017/S0140525X07002221.

cshlp.org

genome.cshlp.org

Smith N.G.C. , Webster M.T. , Ellegren, H. (2002). "Deterministic Mutation Rate Variation in the Human Genome". Genome Research. 12 (9): 1350–1356. doi:10.1101/gr.220502. PMC 186654. PMID 12213772.{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)

darwin-online.org.uk

Darwin, F. (1909). نسخه آرشیو شده (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. ۵۳. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012. {{cite book}}: Text "The foundations of the origin of species, a sketch written in 1942 by Charles Darwin" ignored (help)
Wallace, A (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. ۳ (۲): ۵۳–۶۲. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. Retrieved 2007-05-13.

doi.org

Woese, C. (1998). "The Universal Ancestor". PNAS. ۹۵ (۱۲): ۶۸۵۴–۶۸۵۹. Bibcode:1998PNAS...۹۵٫۶۸۵۴W. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 22660. PMID ۹۶۱۸۵۰۲. {{cite journal}}: Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
Theobald, D.L. (2010). "A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. ۴۶۵ (۷۲۹۵): ۲۱۹–۲۲۲. Bibcode:2010Natur.۴۶۵..۲۱۹T. doi:10.1038/nature09014. PMID ۲۰۴۶۳۷۳۸. {{cite journal}}: Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
Doolittle, W.F. (February, 2000). "Uprooting the tree of life" (PDF). Scientific American. ۲۸۲ (۲): ۹۰–۹۵. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. PMID ۱۰۷۱۰۷۹۱. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)
Kutschera U, Niklas K (2004). "The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis". Naturwissenschaften. ۹۱ (۶): ۲۵۵–۷۶. Bibcode:2004NW.....91..۲۵۵K. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y. PMID ۱۵۲۴۱۶۰۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
Jablonka, E.; Lamb, M. J. (2007). "Précis of evolution in four dimensions". Behavioural and Brain Sciences. ۳۰: ۳۵۳–۳۹۲. doi:10.1017/S0140525X07002221.
Sulloway, F. J. (2009). "Why Darwin rejected intelligent design". Journal of Biosciences. ۳۴ (۲): ۱۷۳–۱۸۳. doi:10.1007/s12038-009-0020-8.
Sober, E. (2009). "Did Darwin write the origin backwards?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ۱۰۶ (S1): ۱۰۰۴۸–۱۰۰۵۵. Bibcode:2009PNAS..۱۰۶۱۰۰۴۸S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901109106. Archived from the original on 24 November 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check |bibcode= length (help)
Sokal RR, Crovello TJ (1970). "The biological species concept: A critical evaluation" (PDF). The American Naturalist. ۱۰۴ (۹۳۶): ۱۲۷–۱۵۳. doi:10.1086/282646. JSTOR ۲۴۵۹۱۹۱. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
Wallace, A (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. ۳ (۲): ۵۳–۶۲. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
Weiling F (1991). "Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel ۱۸۲۲–۱۸۸۴". Am. J. Med. Genet. ۴۰ (۱): 1–۲۵, discussion ۲۶. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320400103. PMID ۱۸۸۷۸۳۵. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. "Molecular structure of nucleic acids: A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. ۱۷۱ (۴۳۵۶): ۷۳۷–۷۳۸. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..۷۳۷W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID ۱۳۰۵۴۶۹۲. {{cite journal}}: Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
Phylogenetics: Theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 2011. p. ۳۹۰. doi:10.1002/9781118017883.fmatter.
Avise, J. C.; Ayala, F. J. (2010). "In the Light of Evolution IV. The Human Condition (introduction)" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. ۱۰۷ (S2): ۸۸۹۷–۸۹۰۱. doi:10.1073/pnas.100321410.
Pearson H (2006). "Genetics: what is a gene?". Nature. ۴۴۱ (۷۰۹۲): ۳۹۸–۴۰۱. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..398P. doi:10.1038/441398a. PMID ۱۶۷۲۴۰۳۱. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Visscher PM, Hill WG, Wray NR (2008). "Heritability in the genomics era—concepts and misconceptions". Nat. Rev. Genet. ۹ (۴): ۲۵۵–۶۶. doi:10.1038/nrg2322. PMID ۱۸۳۱۹۷۴۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
Phillips PC (2008). "Epistasis—the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems". Nat. Rev. Genet. ۹ (۱۱): ۸۵۵–۶۷. doi:10.1038/nrg2452. PMC 2689140. PMID ۱۸۸۵۲۶۹۷. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Wu R, Lin M (2006). "Functional mapping – how to map and study the genetic architecture of dynamic complex traits". Nat. Rev. Genet. ۷ (۳): ۲۲۹–۳۷. doi:10.1038/nrg1804. PMID ۱۶۴۸۵۰۲۱. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Bossdorf, O.; Arcuri, D.; Richards, C. L.; Pigliucci, M. (2010). "Experimental alteration of DNA methylation affects the phenotypic plasticity of ecologically relevant traits in Arabidopsis thaliana". Evolutionary Ecology. ۲۴ (۳): ۵۴۱–۵۵۳. doi:10.1007/s10682-010-9372-7. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Jablonka, E.; Raz, G. (2009). "Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: Prevalence, mechanisms and implications for the study of heredity and evolution" (PDF). The Quarterly Review of Biology. ۸۴ (۲): ۱۳۱–۱۷۶. doi:10.1086/598822. PMID ۱۹۶۰۶۵۹۵. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help)
Hurst LD (2009). "Fundamental concepts in genetics: genetics and the understanding of selection". Nature Reviews Genetics. 10 (2): 83–93. doi:10.1038/nrg2506. PMID 19119264.
Orr, H. Allen (August 2009). "Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics". Nature Reviews Genetics. London: Nature Publishing Group. 10 (8): 531–539. doi:10.1038/nrg2603. ISSN 1471-0056. PMC 2753274. PMID 19546856.
Haldane, J. B. S. (March 14, 1959). "The Theory of Natural Selection To-Day". Nature. London: Nature Publishing Group. 183 (4663): 710–713. Bibcode:1959Natur.183..710H. doi:10.1038/183710a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 13644170.
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Lynch, M. (2007). "The frailty of adaptive hypotheses for the origins of organismal complexity". PNAS. 104 (suppl. 1): 8597–8604. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8597L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702207104. PMC 1876435. PMID 17494740.
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Ereshefsky, M. (1992). "Eliminative pluralism". Philosophy of Science. 59 (4): 671–690. doi:10.1086/289701. JSTOR 188136.
Benton MJ (1995). "Diversification and extinction in the history of life". Science. 268 (5207): 52–8. Bibcode:1995Sci...268...52B. doi:10.1126/science.7701342. PMID 7701342.
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Joyce GF (2002). "The antiquity of RNA-based evolution". Nature. 418 (6894): 214–21. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..214J. doi:10.1038/418214a. PMID 12110897.
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Theobald, DL. (2010). "A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. 465 (7295): 219–22. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..219T. doi:10.1038/nature09014. PMID 20463738.
Bapteste E, Walsh DA (2005). "Does the 'Ring of Life' ring true?". Trends Microbiol. 13 (6): 256–61. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.03.012. PMID 15936656.
Cavalier-Smith T (2006). "Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 969–1006. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1842. PMC 1578732. PMID 16754610.
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Waters ER (2003). "Molecular adaptation and the origin of land plants". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 29 (3): 456–63. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.018. PMID 14615186.
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IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution بایگانی‌شده در ۱۷ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine Joint statement issued by the national science academies of 67 countries, including the United Kingdom's انجمن سلطنتی (PDF file)

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The National Science Teachers Association's position statement on the teaching of evolution. بایگانی‌شده در ۱۹ آوریل ۲۰۰۳ توسط Wayback Machine
IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution بایگانی‌شده در ۱۷ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine Joint statement issued by the national science academies of 67 countries, including the United Kingdom's انجمن سلطنتی (PDF file)
From the انجمن پیشبرد علوم آمریکا، the world's largest general scientific society: 2006 Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF file), AAAS Denounces Anti-Evolution Laws بایگانی‌شده در ۲۱ آوریل ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine
Finding the Evolution in Medicine بایگانی‌شده در ۲۲ نوامبر ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine, Cynthia Delgado, NIH Record, July 28, 2006.
«Public beliefs about evolution and creation, Robinson, B. A. 1995». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۵ نوامبر ۲۰۱۹. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ مارس ۲۰۱۷.

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Doolittle, W.F. (February, 2000). "Uprooting the tree of life" (PDF). Scientific American. ۲۸۲ (۲): ۹۰–۹۵. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. PMID ۱۰۷۱۰۷۹۱. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)