فهرست دانشمندان ایرانی پیش از دوران معاصر (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "فهرست دانشمندان ایرانی پیش از دوران معاصر" in Persian language version.

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Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. A newly discovered manuscript (not yet available for research) contains a treatise by the tenth century Iranian astronomer Abū Ja˓far al-Khāzin describing an equatorium called Zīj al-Safāīh. (the Zīj of Plates).
Donzel, E. J. van (1 January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference. BRILL. p. 24. ISBN 90-04-09738-4. Retrieved 4 December 2016. Albubather (A. Ibn al-Khasib*, Abu Bakr): astrologer of Persian origin; ixth c. His fame rests on an extract from a sort of astrological encyclopaedia.
Saunders, J.J. (2006). A history of Medieval Islam (Reprint. ed.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. p. 58. ISBN 0-415-05914-3. Retrieved 9 March 2017. Baladhuri was probably of Persian origin: he lived and wrote in Baghdad, and died in 892.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Since he was of Persian (Afghan) origin...
Adamec, Ludwig W. (May 11, 2009). Historical Dictionary of Islam (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series) (Second ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 259. ISBN 0-8108-6161-5.
Donzel, E. J. van (1 January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference. BRILL. p. 147. ISBN 90-04-09738-4. Retrieved 4 December 2016. Ibn al-Faqih: Persian author of a geography written in Arabic; ixth c. In his only surviving work The Book of the Countries, he describes his native town Hamadan and the countries of Iran, Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Rum, Jazira, Central Asia, Nubia and Abyssinia. North Africa, al-Andalus and Sudan are given merely a brief résumé.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Another important early treatise that publicized decimal numbers was Iranian mathematician and astronomer Kūshyār ibn Labbān’s (fl. 1000) Kitāb fī usūl hisāb al-hind (Principles of Hindu Reckoning), a leading arithmetic textbook.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Abū˒l-Fadā˒il Ismā˓īl ibn al-H. usayn al-Jurjānī, Zayn al-Dīn, sometimes called Sayyid Ismā˓īl, was the most eminent Persian physician after Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), and the author of the first great medical compilation written in Persian.
Donzel, E. J. van (1 January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference. BRILL. p. 127. ISBN 90-04-09738-4. Retrieved 4 December 2016. Hamza al-Isfahani: Persian philologist and historian; ca. 893-after 961. He is the author of a well-known chronology of pre-Islamic and Islamic dynasties. He is also described as a Persian nationalist with strong prejudices against the Arabs.
Selin, Hrsg. H. (2006). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2. , ed.). Berlin: Springer Netherland. p. 1143. ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite book}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Probably of Iranian origin, al-˓Abbās Ibn Sa˓īd al-Jawharī was one of the court astronomers/astrologers of Caliph al-Ma˒mūn (r. 813–833) in charge of the construction of astronomical instruments.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Al-Karajī Abū Bakr Muhammad was a Persian mathematician and engineer.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Al-Kāshī, or al-Kāshānī (Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd ibn Mas˓ūd al-Kāshī (al-Kāshānī)), was a Persian mathematician and astronomer.
Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4020-4960-6. Retrieved 2 December 2016. Abū Muh.ammad ˓Abd al-Jabbār ibn ˓Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī was a Persian astronomer, mathematician and geographer.
Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs: the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. Another important Persian lineage descended from an astronomer were the three Banu Musa brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad and Hasan, who hailed from the northeastern province of Khurasan.

books.google.com

Akande, Habeeb (2015). A Taste of Honey: Sexuality and Erotology in Islam (به انگلیسی). Rabaah Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-9574845-1-1. Zakariyyā' ar-Rāzī (d. 925), a Persian polymath, who, under the name of Rhazes, later became one of the most important authorities for Latin scholasticism.
Gholamali Haddad Adel; Mohammad Jafar Elmi; Hassan Taromi-Rad (31 January 2013). Historians of the Islamic World: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-1-908433-12-1.
Berggren, J. L.; Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (2014). Pi: A Source Book (به انگلیسی). Springer. p. 680. ISBN 978-1-4757-4217-6. The Persian polymath, al-Birüni, a younger contemporary of Abu'l-Wafa', calculated the perimeters of inscribed and ...
Salaahud-Deen ibn ʿAlee ibn ʿAbdul-Maujood (December 2005). The Biography of Imam Bukhaaree. Translated by Faisal Shafeeq (1st ed.). Riyadh: Darussalam. ISBN 9960969053.
Bourgoin, Suzanne Michele; Byers, Paula Kay, eds. (1998). "Bukhari". Encyclopedia of World Biography (2nd ed.). Gale. p. 112.
Lang, David Marshall, ed. (1971). "Bukhārī". A Guide to Eastern Literatures. Praeger. p. 33.
Islam, Misbah (2008). Decline of Muslim States and Societies: The Real Root Causes and What Can Be Done Next (به انگلیسی). Xlibris Corporation. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-4363-1012-3.
Guntern, Gottlieb (2010). The Spirit of Creativity: Basic Mechanisms of Creative Achievements (به انگلیسی). University Press of America. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-7618-5051-9. Persian polymath Al-Ghazali (1058-1111) published several treatises on the theory of atornism, on medicine, ...
Ahmed Ragab (14 October 2015). The Medieval Islamic Hospital: Medicine, Religion, and Charity. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-107-10960-5.
Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 229–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.
Reference, Marshall Cavendish (2011). Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World (به انگلیسی). Marshall Cavendish. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-7614-7929-1. Persian poet, philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician Omar Khayyam was a Persian polymath, accomplished in fields as diverse as philosophy, astronomy, and math. Best known in modern Iran for his scientific achievements, ...

brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Farzin, Negahban,. "Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ahwāzī" (به انگلیسی). Brill. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)
Younes, Karamati,; Farzin, Negahban,. "Abū Isḥāq al-Kūbunānī" (به انگلیسی). Brill. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)

britannica.com

Al-Biruni (Persian scholar and scientist), Encyclopaedia Britannica:"A Persian by birth, a rationalist in disposition, this contemporary of Avicenna and Alhazen not only studied history, philosophy, and geography in depth, but wrote one of the most comprehensive of Muslim astronomical treatises, the Qanun Al-Masu'di." "al-Bīrūnī." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 16 May. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/66790/al-Biruni>.

cgie.org.ir

"Encyclopedia Islamica". CGIE. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
"Bahmanyar ibn Marzban". Encyclopedia Islamica. CGIE. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Dianat, Abu'l-Hasan. "Abu Said Jorjani". Encyclopedia Islamica. CGIE. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
"Abu Mansur Movafaq Heravi". Encyclopedia Islamica. CGIE. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
"Ibn Hindu". Encyclopedia Islamica. CGIE. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Keramati, Yunis. "Abu'l-Fath Isfahani". Encyclopedia Islamica. CGIE. Retrieved 4 February 2017.

doi.org

Ali, Mowlavi, Muhammad; Rahim, Gholami,. "Abū al-Jūd". Encyclopaedia Islamica (به انگلیسی). Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_com_0092. Retrieved 27 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)
Zarshenas, Mohammad M.; Zargaran, Arman; Mehdizadeh, Alireza; Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali (2016). "Mansur ibn Ilyas (1380-1422 AD): A Persian anatomist and his book of anatomy, Tashrih-i Mansuri". Journal of Medical Biography. pp. 67–71. doi:10.1177/0967772013479474.
Saliba, George (September 1998). "Science and medicine". Iranian Studies. 31 (3–4): 681–690. doi:10.1080/00210869808701940. Take, for example, someone like Muhammad b. Musa al-Khwarizmi (fl. 850) who may present a problem for the EIr, for although he was obviously of Persian descent, he lived and worked in Baghdad and was not known to have produced a single scientific work in Persian. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

dx.doi.org

Ali, Mowlavi, Muhammad; Rahim, Gholami,. "Abū al-Jūd". Encyclopaedia Islamica (به انگلیسی). Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_com_0092. Retrieved 27 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)

geocities.ws

http://www.geocities.ws/spiritofalbania/tirana.html

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

al-Qūhī, Abu Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam (c. 940-c. 1000)

icloud-library.org

"Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli". iCloud eBook Library. World Heritage Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.

iranicaonline.org

Sayyed ʿAbd-Allāh Anwār, Encyclopedia Iranica, "QOṬB-AL-DIN ŠIRĀZI, Maḥmud b. Żiāʾ-al-Din Masʿud b. Moṣleḥ"
"BAYHAQĪ, ẒAHĪR-AL-DĪN". Encyclopaedia Iranica (به انگلیسی).
Yazici, Tahsin. "EBN BĪBĪ, NĀṢER-AL-DĪN ḤOSAYN". ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Rosenthal, Franz. "EBN QOTAYBA, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-ALLĀH". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 9 June 2012. ...he seems to refer, if the text is correctly understood, to his own Persian (ʿajam) descent and declares himself to be by nature not prejudiced for or against either Arabs or Persians. His father or family seems, indeed, to have come from Marv (hence the nesba Marvazī). He himself was, however, an eloquent spokesman for Arab civilization and in intellectual makeup was totally committed and assimilated to it
,"There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association. The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp. 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp. lix-lx; 1994)."[۱]
Bosworth, C. Edmund. "GARDĪZĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD ʿABD-al-ḤAYY". ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA. Retrieved 2 December 2016. GARDĪZĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD ʿABD-al-ḤAYY b. Żaḥḥāk b. Maḥmūd, Persian historian of the early 5th/11th century.
Algar, Hamid. "BEKTĀŠ, ḤĀJĪ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
Liu Yingsheng and Peter Jackson. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS iii. Mongol Period – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (به انگلیسی). Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 11 February 2017. A Persian astronomer named Jamāl-al-Dīn Boḵārī, who had already visited China in the time of Möngke...
فهرست دانشمندان ایرانی پیش از دوران معاصر at دانشنامه ایرانیکا
ĀṮĀR AL-BELĀD, C. E. Bosworth, Encyclopaedia Iranica; "Ātar Al-Belad: the title of a geographical work composed in Arabic during the 7th/13th century by the Persian scholar Abū Yaḥyā Zakarīyāʾ b. Moḥammad Qazvīnī". iranicaonline.org بایگانی‌شده در ۱۷ نوامبر ۲۰۱۶ توسط Wayback Machine

islamicinsights.com

"Allama Waheed Behbahani". Islamic Insights.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zarshenas, Mohammad M.; Zargaran, Arman; Mehdizadeh, Alireza; Mohagheghzadeh, Abdolali (2016). "Mansur ibn Ilyas (1380-1422 AD): A Persian anatomist and his book of anatomy, Tashrih-i Mansuri". Journal of Medical Biography. pp. 67–71. doi:10.1177/0967772013479474.

usc.edu

«نسخه آرشیو شده» (PDF). بایگانی‌شده از اصلی (PDF) در ۷ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۱۱ اوت ۲۰۱۷.

uu.nl

webspace.science.uu.nl

Robert Harry van Gent. Biography of al-Sūfī. "The Persian astronomer Abū al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn ‘Umar al-Sūfī was born in Rayy (near Tehrān) on 7 December 903 [14 Muharram 291 H] and died in Baghdād on 25 May 986 [13 Muharram 376 H] ... the Persian astronomer Abū al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn ‘Umar al-Sūfī who was commonly known by European astronomers as Azophi Arabus". University of Utrecht, Netherlands. Retrieved January 11, 2014

web.archive.org

"Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli". iCloud eBook Library. World Heritage Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Farzin, Negahban,. "Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ahwāzī" (به انگلیسی). Brill. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)
«نسخه آرشیو شده» (PDF). بایگانی‌شده از اصلی (PDF) در ۷ اکتبر ۲۰۱۳. دریافت‌شده در ۱۱ اوت ۲۰۱۷.
Younes, Karamati,; Farzin, Negahban,. "Abū Isḥāq al-Kūbunānī" (به انگلیسی). Brill. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: نقطه‌گذاری اضافه (link)
ĀṮĀR AL-BELĀD, C. E. Bosworth, Encyclopaedia Iranica; "Ātar Al-Belad: the title of a geographical work composed in Arabic during the 7th/13th century by the Persian scholar Abū Yaḥyā Zakarīyāʾ b. Moḥammad Qazvīnī". iranicaonline.org بایگانی‌شده در ۱۷ نوامبر ۲۰۱۶ توسط Wayback Machine