فوتون (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "فوتون" in Persian language version.

refsWebsite

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11doi.org

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9harvard.edu

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aps.org

"December 18, 1926: Gilbert Lewis coins "photon" in letter to Nature". www.aps.org (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-03-09.

archive.org

Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jerl (2005), Fundamental of Physics (7th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., ISBN 978-0-471-23231-5

arxiv.org

Kragh, Helge (2014). "Photon: New light on an old name". arXiv:1401.0293 [physics.hist-ph].
Kobychev, V.V.; Popov, S.B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345.

atomicheritage.org

"Gilbert N. Lewis". Atomic Heritage Foundation (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-03-09.

books.google.com

اطلاعاتی در حد مقدماتی، در زمینه‌های مختلف مربوط به نورشناسی کوانتومی در اینجا قابل دسترسی است: Fox, M. (2006). Quantum Optics: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856673-1.
Asimov, Isaac (1983). The Neutrino: Ghost Particle of the Atom. Garden City, NY: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-00483-6. and Asimov, Isaac (1971). The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar. New York: Walker. ISBN 978-0-8027-0316-3. LCCN 66022515.
Andrew Liddle (2015). An Introduction to Modern Cosmology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-118-69025-3.
Matthew D. Schwartz (2014). Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-107-03473-0.
Role as gauge boson and polarization section 5.1 in Aitchison, I.J.R.; Hey, A.J.G. (1993). Gauge Theories in Particle Physics. IOP Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85274-328-7.
Burgess, C.; Moore, G. (2007). "1.3.3.2". The Standard Model. A Primer. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86036-9.
E.g. , Appendix XXXII in Born, Max; Blin-Stoyle, Roger John; Radcliffe, J.M. (1989). Atomic Physics. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-65984-8.

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691.

doi.org

Amsler, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018.
Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691.
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004.
Kragh, Helge (2000-12-01). "Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary". Physics World. 13 (12): 31. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/13/12/34.
Einstein, A. (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (به آلمانی). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607.. An English translation is available from Wikisource.
Rutherford, E.; Andrade, E.N.C. (1914). "The Wavelength of the Soft Gamma Rays from Radium B". Philosophical Magazine. 27 (161): 854–868. doi:10.1080/14786440508635156.
Kobychev, V.V.; Popov, S.B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345.
See p.31 in Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1–1340. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. PMID 10020536.
This property was experimentally verified by Raman and Bhagavantam in 1931: Raman, C.V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Chibisov, G V (1976). "Astrophysical upper limits on the photon rest mass". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 19 (7): 624. Bibcode:1976SvPhU..19..624C. doi:10.1070/PU1976v019n07ABEH005277.
Lakes, Roderic (1998). "Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Magnetic Vector Potential". Physical Review Letters. 80 (9): 1826. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1826L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1826.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

This property was experimentally verified by Raman and Bhagavantam in 1931: Raman, C.V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Amsler, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018.
Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691.
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004.
Einstein, A. (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (به آلمانی). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607.. An English translation is available from Wikisource.
Kobychev, V.V.; Popov, S.B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345.
See p.31 in Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1–1340. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. PMID 10020536.
This property was experimentally verified by Raman and Bhagavantam in 1931: Raman, C.V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Chibisov, G V (1976). "Astrophysical upper limits on the photon rest mass". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 19 (7): 624. Bibcode:1976SvPhU..19..624C. doi:10.1070/PU1976v019n07ABEH005277.
Lakes, Roderic (1998). "Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Magnetic Vector Potential". Physical Review Letters. 80 (9): 1826. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1826L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1826.

ieee.org

spectrum.ieee.org

Alan E. Willner. "Twisted Light Could Dramatically Boost Data Rates: Orbital angular momentum could take optical and radio communication to new heights". 2016.

khanacademy.org

SantoPietro, David. "Photon Energy". Khan Academy. Retrieved 2020-03-15.

lbl.gov

pdg.lbl.gov

Amsler, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Asimov, Isaac (1983). The Neutrino: Ghost Particle of the Atom. Garden City, NY: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-00483-6. and Asimov, Isaac (1971). The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar. New York: Walker. ISBN 978-0-8027-0316-3. LCCN 66022515.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

See p.31 in Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1–1340. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. PMID 10020536.

nobelprize.org

Compton, Arthur H. (1965) [12 Dec 1927]. "X-rays as a branch of optics" (PDF). From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004.

rri.res.in

dspace.rri.res.in

This property was experimentally verified by Raman and Bhagavantam in 1931: Raman, C.V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.

ucr.edu

math.ucr.edu

باور بر این است که جرم فوتون دقیقاً برابر با صفر است. همچنین، برخی از منابع به جرم نسبیتی اشاره می‌کنند که در واقع انرژی معادل جرم است. برای یک فوتون با طول موج λ یا انرژی E، این جرم معادل برابر با h/λc یا E/c^۲ است. استفاده از این عبارت برای جرم، دیگر خیلی در جوامع علمی مورد استفاده قرار نمی‌گیرد. برای اطلاعات بیشتر می‌توانید به این صفحه مراجعه کنید:جرم فوتون چقدر است؟

ucsc.edu

scipp.ucsc.edu

See p.31 in Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1–1340. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. PMID 10020536.

uni-augsburg.de

physik.uni-augsburg.de

Einstein, A. (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (به آلمانی). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607.. An English translation is available from Wikisource.

web.archive.org

This property was experimentally verified by Raman and Bhagavantam in 1931: Raman, C.V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.

wikisource.org

fa.wikisource.org

Einstein, A. (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (به آلمانی). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607.. An English translation is available from Wikisource.

zenodo.org

Rutherford, E.; Andrade, E.N.C. (1914). "The Wavelength of the Soft Gamma Rays from Radium B". Philosophical Magazine. 27 (161): 854–868. doi:10.1080/14786440508635156.