نابرابری اقتصادی (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "نابرابری اقتصادی" in Persian language version.

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1% Wall Street Sales Tax بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۴ توسط Wayback Machine. UFAA.

american.com

Becker, Gary S.; Murphy, Kevin M. (May 2007). "The Upside of Income Inequality". The America. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2014.

archive.org

Temple, Jonathan (1999). "The New Growth Evidence". Journal of Economic Literature. 37 (1): 112–56. doi:10.1257/jel.37.1.112.
Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising. OECD. 2011. doi:10.1787/9789264119536-en. ISBN 978-92-64-11953-6.
De Soto, Hernando (2000). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01614-3. ^{^{[کدام صفحه؟]}}
Branko Milanovic (2012). The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Brief and Idiosyncratic History of Global Inequality. ISBN 978-0-465-03141-2.
"Economic Focus:". The Economist. London: The Economist Group. April 19, 2008. p. 81.
Riane Eisler (2007). The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics. p. 73.
Sapolsky, Robert (2005). "Sick of Poverty". Scientific American. 293 (6): 92–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1205-92. PMID 16323696.
Clarke, George R.G. (1995). "More evidence on income distribution and growth". Journal of Development Economics. 47 (2): 403–27. doi:10.1016/0304-3878(94)00069-o.
Easterly, William (2007). "Inequality does cause underdevelopment: Insights from a new instrument". Journal of Development Economics. 84 (2): 755–76. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.11.002.
Boyce, J. K. (1994). "Inequality as a cause of environmental degradation". Ecological Economics. 11: 169–78. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(94)90198-8.
Alesina, Alberto; Perotti, Roberto (1996). "Income distribution, political instability, and investment". European Economic Review. 40 (6): 1203–28. doi:10.1016/0014-2921(95)00030-5.
Huber, Evelyne; Nielsen, François; Pribble, Jenny; Stephens, John D. (2006). "Politics and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean". American Sociological Review. 71 (6): 943–63. doi:10.1177/000312240607100604. JSTOR 25472438.

archive.today

The Way Forward بایگانی‌شده در ۱۱ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۲ توسط Archive.today By Daniel Alpert, Westwood Capital; Robert Hockett, Professor of Law, Cornell University; and Nouriel Roubini, Professor of Economics, New York University, New America Foundation, October 10, 2011

argentumlux.org

Lo, Andrew W. "Reading About the Financial Crisis: A 21-Book Review" (PDF). 2012. Journal of Economic Literature. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.

bartleby.com

American Heritage بایگانی‌شده در فوریه ۹, ۲۰۰۹ توسط Wayback Machine (6). Increasing in rate as the taxable amount increases.

bbc.co.uk

BBC Staff (January 18, 2013). "Oxfam seeks 'new deal' on inequality from world leaders". BBC News. Retrieved September 20, 2014.{{cite news}}: نگهداری یادکرد:استفاده از پارامتر نویسندگان (link)

bloomberg.com

Smith, Noah (June 27, 2016). "The Left and Right Stumble on Globalization" – via www.bloomberg.com.

bls.gov

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Highlights of Women’s Earnings in 2009. Report 1025, June 2010.

books.google.com

Bourguignon, Francois, "Growth Elasticity of Poverty Reduction: Explaining Heterogeneity across Countries and Time Periods" in Inequality and Growth, Ch. 1.

bostonreview.net

Grusky, David B. (March–April 2013). "What to Do about Inequality". Boston Review. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.

businessinsider.com

IMF: The last generation of economic policies may have been a complete failure. Business Insider. May 2016.

cbo.gov

Congressional Budget Office: Trends in the Distribution of Household Income Between 1979 and 2007. October 2011. p. 5

census.gov

Weinberg, Daniel H (May 2004). "Evidence From Census 2000 About Earnings by Detailed Occupation for Men and Women" (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2017.

cepr.net

Schmitt, John and Ben Zipperer. 2006. "Is the U.S. a Good Model for Reducing Social Exclusion in Europe?" CEPR

doi.org

Temple, Jonathan (1999). "The New Growth Evidence". Journal of Economic Literature. 37 (1): 112–56. doi:10.1257/jel.37.1.112.
Neves, Pedro Cunha; Afonso, Óscar; Silva, Sandra Tavares (February 2016). "A Meta-Analytic Reassessment of the Effects of Inequality on Growth". World Development. 78: 386–400. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.038.
Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising. OECD. 2011. doi:10.1787/9789264119536-en. ISBN 978-92-64-11953-6.
Gurría, Angel (December 5, 2011). Press Release for Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising (Report). OECD. doi:10.1787/9789264119536-en. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
Xavier-Oliveira, Emanuel; Laplume, André O; Pathak, Saurav (2015). "What motivates entrepreneurial entry under economic inequality? The role of human and financial capital". Human Relations. 68 (7): 1183–207. doi:10.1177/0018726715578200. SSRN 2585021.
Alesina, Alberto; Dani Rodrick (May 1994). "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Economics. 109 (2): 465–90. doi:10.2307/2118470. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Roser, Max; Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo (2016). "Why is Income Inequality Increasing in the Developed World?". Review of Income and Wealth. 62 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1111/roiw.12153.
De Vogli, R. (2005). "Has the relation between income inequality and life expectancy disappeared? Evidence from Italy and top industrialised countries". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 59 (2): 158–62. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.020651.
Kaplan, G. A; Pamuk, E. R; Lynch, J. W; Cohen, R. D; Balfour, J. L (1996). "Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways". BMJ. 312 (7037): 999–1003. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7037.999. PMC 2350835. PMID 8616393.
Scheve, Kenneth; Stasavage, David (2017). "Wealth Inequality and Democracy". Annual Review of Political Science. 20 (1): 451–68. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-061014-101840.
Pickett, KE; Wilkinson, RG (March 2015). "Income inequality and health: a causal review". Social Science & Medicine. 128: 316–26. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031. PMID 25577953.
Sapolsky, Robert (2005). "Sick of Poverty". Scientific American. 293 (6): 92–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1205-92. PMID 16323696.
(At the same time however, there is a strong connection between average income and health within countries. Example: Comparing average death rates in United States zip code areas organized by average income finds the highest income zip codes average a little over 90 deaths per 10,000, the poorest zip codes a little over 50 deaths and a "strikingly" regular gradient of death rates for income in between. source: Figure 1.4, Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 13, Authors: "What is so striking about Figure 1.4 is how regular the health gradient is right across society". Data from: Smith, G D; Neaton, J D; Wentworth, D; Stamler, R; Stamler, J (1996). "Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (4): 486–96. doi:10.2105/AJPH.86.4.486. PMC 1380548. PMID 8604778.)
Burns, Jonathan K; Tomita, Andrew; Kapadia, Amy S (2014). "Income inequality and schizophrenia: Increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 60 (2): 185–96. doi:10.1177/0020764013481426. PMC 4105302. PMID 23594564.
Neapolitan, Jerome L (1999). "A comparative analysis of nations with low and high levels of violent crime". Journal of Criminal Justice. 27 (3): 259–74. doi:10.1016/S0047-2352(98)00064-6.
Lee, Matthew R.; Bankston, William B. (1999). "Political structure, economic inequality,and homicide: A cross-national analysis". Deviant Behavior. 20 (1): 27–55. doi:10.1080/016396299266588.
Kang, Songman (2015). "Inequality and crime revisited: Effects of local inequality and economic segregation on crime". Journal of Population Economics. 29 (2): 593. doi:10.1007/s00148-015-0579-3.
Clarke, George R.G. (1995). "More evidence on income distribution and growth". Journal of Development Economics. 47 (2): 403–27. doi:10.1016/0304-3878(94)00069-o.
Baumol, William J. (2007). "On income distribution and growth". Journal of Policy Modeling. 29 (4): 545–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.05.004.
Herzer, Dierk; Vollmer, Sebastian (2013). "Rising top incomes do not raise the tide". Journal of Policy Modeling. 35 (4): 504–19. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.02.011.
Herzer, Dierk; Vollmer, Sebastian (2013). "Rising top incomes do not raise the tide". Journal of Policy Modeling. 35 (4): 504–19. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.02.011.
Herzer, Dierk; Vollmer, Sebastian (2013). "Rising top incomes do not raise the tide". Journal of Policy Modeling. 35 (4): 504–19. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.02.011.
Perotti, Roberto (1996). "Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say". Journal of Economic Growth. 1 (2): 149. doi:10.1007/bf00138861.
Easterly, William (2007). "Inequality does cause underdevelopment: Insights from a new instrument". Journal of Development Economics. 84 (2): 755–76. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.11.002.
Bagchi, Sutirtha; Svejnar, Jan (2015). "Does wealth inequality matter for growth? The effect of billionaire wealth, income distribution, and poverty". Journal of Comparative Economics. 43 (3): 505–30. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2015.04.002.
Matlack, Janna L.; Vigdor, Jacob L. (2008). "Do rising tides lift all prices? Income inequality and housing affordability". Journal of Housing Economics. 17 (3): 212–24. doi:10.1016/j.jhe.2008.06.004.
Boyce, J. K. (1994). "Inequality as a cause of environmental degradation". Ecological Economics. 11: 169–78. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(94)90198-8.
Lahtinen, Hannu; Wass, Hanna; Hiilamo, Heikki (2017). "Gradient constraint in voting: The effect of intra-generational social class and income mobility on turnout". Electoral Studies. 45: 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.11.001.
Alesina, Alberto; Perotti, Roberto (1996). "Income distribution, political instability, and investment". European Economic Review. 40 (6): 1203–28. doi:10.1016/0014-2921(95)00030-5.
Ezcurra, Roberto; Palacios, David (2016). "Terrorism and spatial disparities: Does interregional inequality matter?". European Journal of Political Economy. 42: 60–74. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.01.004.
Houle, Christian (2016). "Why class inequality breeds coups but not civil wars". Journal of Peace Research. 53 (5): 680–95. doi:10.1177/0022343316652187.
Bradley, David; Huber, Evelyne; Moller, Stephanie; Nielsen, François; Stephens, John D. (2011). "Distribution and Redistribution in Postindustrial Democracies". World Politics. 55 (2): 193–228. doi:10.1353/wp.2003.0009.
Huber, Evelyne; Nielsen, François; Pribble, Jenny; Stephens, John D. (2006). "Politics and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean". American Sociological Review. 71 (6): 943–63. doi:10.1177/000312240607100604. JSTOR 25472438.
Keller, Katarina R.I. (2010). "How Can Education Policy Improve Income Distribution?: An Empirical Analysis of Education Stages and Measures on Income Inequality". The Journal of Developing Areas. 43 (2): 51–77. doi:10.1353/jda.0.0052. JSTOR 40376250.

dx.doi.org

Moyes, P. A note on minimally progressive taxation and absolute income inequality بایگانی‌شده در ۲۷ مه ۲۰۲۰ توسط Wayback Machine Social Choice and Welfare, Volume 5, Numbers 2–3 (1988), 227–34, doi:10.1007/BF00735763. Accessed: May 19, 2012.

dw.com

ثروت ۴۵ نفر در آلمان برابر ثروت نیمی از جمعیت این کشور است، دویچه وله فارسی

earthworksaction.org

"Earthworks – General Mining Law of 1872". earthworksaction.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

econlib.org

Pigou, Arthur C. (1932). "Part I, Chapter VIII". The Economics of Welfare (4th ed.). London: Macmillan and Co. Retrieved August 11, 2014.

economist.com

"A three-headed hydra". The Economist. 16 July 2014.
"America's Elite: An Hereditary meritocracy". The Economist. January 24, 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
"Education and class. America's new aristocracy". The Economist. January 24, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
"Education and class. America's new aristocracy". The Economist. January 24, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-29. The result is that America is one of only three advanced countries that spends more on richer pupils than poor ones, according to the OECD (the other two are Turkey and Israel)

encyclopedia.com

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Tax levied at a rate that increases as the quantity subject to taxation increases.

epi.org

Elise Gould (January 15, 2014). No Matter How We Measure Poverty, the Poverty Rate Would Be Much Lower If Economic Growth Were More Broadly Shared. Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved September 20, 2014.

equalitytrust.org.uk

"The Spirit Level". equalitytrust.org.uk. Archived from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, pp. 306–9. Figure 2.2 found on p. 20 and this page بایگانی‌شده در ۴ دسامبر ۲۰۱۲ توسط Wayback Machine
The Equality Trust (2012) "Income Inequality and Participation"^{^{[پیوند مرده]}} Research Update No. 4

fivethirtyeight.com

"It's Harder Than It Looks To Link Inequality With Global Turmoil". FiveThirtyEight (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2016-01-08.

forbes.com

"Are Women Earning More Than Men?". Forbes. May 12, 2006. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

gabriel-zucman.eu

"Tax Evasion and Inequality" (PDF).

harvard.edu

hup.harvard.edu

Doree Armstrong (February 12, 2014). Jake Rosenfeld explores the sharp decline of union membership, influence. UW Today. Retrieved December 20, 2014. See also: Jake Rosenfeld, What Unions No Longer Do, (Harvard University Press, 2014), شابک ‎۰۶۷۴۷۲۵۱۱۵

heymancenter.org

Branko Milanovic-Global Income Inequality by the Numbers-In History and Now-February 2013

huffingtonpost.com

Wealth Gap Widens In Rich Countries As Austerity Threatens To Worsen Inequality: OECD. The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2013
Nader, Ralph (April 18, 2013). Time for a Sales Tax on Wall Street Financial Transactions. The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 5, 2013.

imf.org

Neoliberalism: Oversold? – IMF Finance & Development June 2016 • Volume 53 • Number 2
Florence Jaumotte and Carolina Osorio Buitron (March 2015). Power from the People. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
Dabla-Norris, Era; et al. (June 2015). Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective (PDF). International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
Anand, Rahul; et al. (May 2013). "Inclusive Growth: Measurement and Determinants" (PDF). IMF Working Paper. Asia Pacific Department: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 13 January 2015.

ipc-undp.org

Ranieri, Rafael; Ramos, Raquel Almeida (March 2013). "Inclusive Growth: Building up a Concept" (PDF). Working Paper. 104. Brazil: International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. ISSN 1812-108X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

iza.org

ftp.iza.org

Duncan, Denvil, Klara Sabirianova Peter (October 2012). "Unequal Inequalities: Do Progressive Taxes Reduce Income Inequality?" (PDF). Institute for the Study of Labor.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Vigdor, Jacob (2002). "Does Gentrification Harm the Poor?". Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs.

jim.com

Hazlitt, Henry (December 1988). "Chapter 20: Part 2". Economics in One Lesson. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-517-54823-3. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Hazlitt, Henry (December 1988). "Chapter 20: Part 1". Economics in One Lesson. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-517-54823-3. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

jstor.org

Huber, Evelyne; Nielsen, François; Pribble, Jenny; Stephens, John D. (2006). "Politics and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean". American Sociological Review. 71 (6): 943–63. doi:10.1177/000312240607100604. JSTOR 25472438.
Keller, Katarina R.I. (2010). "How Can Education Policy Improve Income Distribution?: An Empirical Analysis of Education Stages and Measures on Income Inequality". The Journal of Developing Areas. 43 (2): 51–77. doi:10.1353/jda.0.0052. JSTOR 40376250.

landandfreedom.org

Railroad land grants بایگانی‌شده در دسامبر ۱۸, ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine

latimes.com

Michael Hiltzik (March 25, 2015). IMF agrees: Decline of union power has increased income inequality. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

mcmaster.ca

psych.mcmaster.ca

Income inequality and homicide rates in Canada and The United بایگانی‌شده در اکتبر ۲, ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine

merriam-webster.com

Webster (4b): increasing in rate as the base increases (a progressive tax)

motherjones.com

Erika Eichelberger (October 30, 2013). Economists to Congress: It's Time for a "Robin Hood Tax" on the Rich. Mother Jones. Retrieved November 15, 2013.

nber.org

"Inequality, Growth, and Investment". NBER.

newamerica.net

The Way Forward بایگانی‌شده در ۱۱ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۲ توسط Archive.today By Daniel Alpert, Westwood Capital; Robert Hockett, Professor of Law, Cornell University; and Nouriel Roubini, Professor of Economics, New York University, New America Foundation, October 10, 2011

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Charlton, B. G. (1996). "What is the ultimate cause of socio-economic inequalities in health? An explanation in terms of evolutionary psychology" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (1): 3–8. PMC 1295633. PMID 8709080.
Kaplan, G. A; Pamuk, E. R; Lynch, J. W; Cohen, R. D; Balfour, J. L (1996). "Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways". BMJ. 312 (7037): 999–1003. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7037.999. PMC 2350835. PMID 8616393.
Pickett, KE; Wilkinson, RG (March 2015). "Income inequality and health: a causal review". Social Science & Medicine. 128: 316–26. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031. PMID 25577953.
Sapolsky, Robert (2005). "Sick of Poverty". Scientific American. 293 (6): 92–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1205-92. PMID 16323696.
(At the same time however, there is a strong connection between average income and health within countries. Example: Comparing average death rates in United States zip code areas organized by average income finds the highest income zip codes average a little over 90 deaths per 10,000, the poorest zip codes a little over 50 deaths and a "strikingly" regular gradient of death rates for income in between. source: Figure 1.4, Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 13, Authors: "What is so striking about Figure 1.4 is how regular the health gradient is right across society". Data from: Smith, G D; Neaton, J D; Wentworth, D; Stamler, R; Stamler, J (1996). "Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (4): 486–96. doi:10.2105/AJPH.86.4.486. PMC 1380548. PMID 8604778.)
Burns, Jonathan K; Tomita, Andrew; Kapadia, Amy S (2014). "Income inequality and schizophrenia: Increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 60 (2): 185–96. doi:10.1177/0020764013481426. PMC 4105302. PMID 23594564.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Charlton, B. G. (1996). "What is the ultimate cause of socio-economic inequalities in health? An explanation in terms of evolutionary psychology" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (1): 3–8. PMC 1295633. PMID 8709080.
Kaplan, G. A; Pamuk, E. R; Lynch, J. W; Cohen, R. D; Balfour, J. L (1996). "Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways". BMJ. 312 (7037): 999–1003. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7037.999. PMC 2350835. PMID 8616393.
(At the same time however, there is a strong connection between average income and health within countries. Example: Comparing average death rates in United States zip code areas organized by average income finds the highest income zip codes average a little over 90 deaths per 10,000, the poorest zip codes a little over 50 deaths and a "strikingly" regular gradient of death rates for income in between. source: Figure 1.4, Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 13, Authors: "What is so striking about Figure 1.4 is how regular the health gradient is right across society". Data from: Smith, G D; Neaton, J D; Wentworth, D; Stamler, R; Stamler, J (1996). "Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (4): 486–96. doi:10.2105/AJPH.86.4.486. PMC 1380548. PMID 8604778.)
Burns, Jonathan K; Tomita, Andrew; Kapadia, Amy S (2014). "Income inequality and schizophrenia: Increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 60 (2): 185–96. doi:10.1177/0020764013481426. PMC 4105302. PMID 23594564.

nytimes.com

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see also "Consumption and the Myths of Inequality", by Kevin Hassett and Aparna Mathur, Wall Street Journal, October 24, 2012