پادشاهی چوسان (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "پادشاهی چوسان" in Persian language version.

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45web.archive.org

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aks.ac.kr

encykorea.aks.ac.kr

"서인-한국민족대백과 사전".
"동인-한국민족대백과 사전".
"붕당정치-한국민족대백과 사전".
"yesong". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
"sukjong".

archive.org

Kim, Chun-gil (2005). The History of Korea (به انگلیسی). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 77. ISBN 978-0313332968. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (به انگلیسی). ABC-CLIO. p. 392. ISBN 978-0874368857. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 10 percent of the total population on average, but it could rise up to one-third of the total.

asiasociety.org

"King Sejong the Great And The Golden Age Of Korea". asiasociety.org. 19 August 2008. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2009.

books.google.com

Kang, Jae-eun (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Homa & Sekey Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-1931907309. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2015. "Yi Seong-gye issued a royal edict to proclaim the name of the new kingdom to "Joseon" and issued amnesty to all criminals who opposed the transition. The statement by Taizu about "only the name of Joseon is beautiful and old" naturally refers to Gija Joseon."
Rutt, Richard; et al. (1999). Korea. Routledge/Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-0464-4. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Hall, John W.; et al. (1990). The Cambridge history of Japan [Medieval Japan]. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22354-6. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Ebrey, Patricia; Walthall, Ann (2013). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume II: From 1600. Cengage Learning. p. 255. ISBN 978-1133606499. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
Kim, Youngmin (2018). A History of Chinese Political Thought. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 219–223. ISBN 978-1509523160. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
A Brief History of Korea (به انگلیسی). Ewha Womans University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-8973006199. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
Beirne, Paul (2016). Su-un and His World of Symbols: The Founder of Korea's First Indigenous Religion (به انگلیسی). Routledge. ISBN 978-1317047490. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (2014). Korean History in Maps (به انگلیسی). Cambridge University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-1107098466. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Em, Henry (25 March 2013). The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea (به انگلیسی). Duke University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0822353720. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Lee, Seokwoo; Lee, Hee Eun (12 May 2016). The Making of International Law in Korea: From Colony to Asian Power (به انگلیسی). Brill. p. 21. ISBN 978-9004315754. OCLC 1006718121. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Wang, Yuan-kang (15 December 2010). Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics (به انگلیسی). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231522403. OCLC 774509438. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Seth, Michael J. (16 October 2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present (به انگلیسی). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 144. ISBN 978-0742567177. OCLC 644646716. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Gambe, Annabelle R. (2000). Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia (به انگلیسی). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 99. ISBN 978-3825843861. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Chinvanno, Anuson (18 June 1992). Thailand's Policies towards China, 1949–54 (به انگلیسی). Springer. p. 24. ISBN 978-1349124305. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Leonard, Jane Kate (1984). Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World (به انگلیسی). Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0674948556. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (January 1996). The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty (به انگلیسی). SUNY Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0791426876. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Eisemann, Joshua; Heginbotham, Eric; Mitchell, Derek (20 August 2015). China and the Developing World: Beijing's Strategy for the Twenty-first Century (به انگلیسی). Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1317282945. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Lewis, James B. (2 November 2005). Frontier Contact Between Choson Korea and Tokugawa Japan (به انگلیسی). Routledge. ISBN 978-1135795986. Retrieved 20 July 2016. "Tribute trade was the oldest and most important component of the trade structure, not for its volume or content, but for its symbolism. Japanese brought items to "offer" to Korea and received in exchange "gifts" of higher value, since Korea was a greater land receiving supplicants. Koreans viewed tribute trade as a "burden" and a favor extended to needy islanders; the significance was diplomatic not economic."
Kang, David C. (2012). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute (به انگلیسی). Columbia University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0231153195. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Kayoko, Fujita; Momoki, Shiro; Reid, Anthony (2013). Offshore Asia: Maritime Interactions in Eastern Asia Before Steamships (به انگلیسی). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 198. ISBN 978-9814311779. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Wang, Yuan-kang (2010). Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231522403.
Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996). The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty (به انگلیسی). SUNY Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0791426876. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Eisemann, Joshua; Heginbotham, Eric; Mitchell, Derek (2015-08-20). China and the Developing World: Beijing's Strategy for the Twenty-first Century (به انگلیسی). Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1317282945. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Alagappa, Muthiah (2003). Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features. Stanford University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0804746298.
Kang, Etsuko H. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, p. 49. بایگانی‌شده در ۷ آوریل ۲۰۲۳ توسط Wayback Machine
Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu, p. 87. بایگانی‌شده در ۵ آوریل ۲۰۲۳ توسط Wayback Machine
Shillony, Ben-Ami (2008). The Emperors of Modern Japan. ISBN 978-9004168220. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Shillony, Ben-Ami (2012). Jews & the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders. ISBN 978-1462903962. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Kang, Diplomacy and Ideology, p. 206. بایگانی‌شده در ۵ آوریل ۲۰۲۳ توسط Wayback Machine
Bok Rae Kim (2004). "Nobi: A Korean System of Slavery". In Gwyn Campbell (ed.). Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia. Routledge. pp. 153–157. ISBN 978-1-135-75917-9.
Palais, James B. (1998). Views on Korean social history (به انگلیسی). Institute for Modern Korean Studies, Yonsei University. p. 50. ISBN 978-8971414415. Retrieved 15 February 2017. Another target of his critique is the insistence that slaves (nobi) in Korea, especially in Choson dynasty, were closer to serfs (nongno) than true slaves (noye) in Europe and America, enjoying more freedom and independence than what a slave would normally be allowed.

brill.com

Bohnet, Adam (1 January 2011). "Ruling Ideology and Marginal Subjects: Ming Loyalism and Foreign Lineages in Late Chosŏn Korea". Journal of Early Modern History. 15 (6): 477–505. doi:10.1163/157006511X604013. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

britannica.com

پادشاهی چوسان در دانشنامهٔ بریتانیکا

culturecontent.com

"상언격쟁". 문화콘텐츠닷컴. Korea Creative Content Agency. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

daum.net

enc.daum.net

"사대교린 (조선 외교), Britannica online Korea".

dbpia.co.kr

이옥희 [Yi Ok-hui]; 최한성 [Choe Han-seong]; 안재섭 [An Jae-seop] (2004). 두만강 하구 녹둔도의 위치 비정(批正)에 관한 연구 [Geographical Study on the Location of Nokdun-do in lower Tuman river]. 대한지리학회 2004년 춘계학술대회논문집 [Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Korean Geographical Society] (به کره‌ای). Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Yim Min-Hyeok. "The Establishment of Literati Governance Society in Early Joseon, and Its Continuation," The Review of Korean Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (June 20050, pp. 223-254.

doi.org

Robinson, David M. (2017). "Rethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International Context". Korean Studies. 41 (1): 75–98. doi:10.1353/ks.2017.0019. ISSN 1529-1529.
Bohnet, Adam (1 January 2011). "Ruling Ideology and Marginal Subjects: Ming Loyalism and Foreign Lineages in Late Chosŏn Korea". Journal of Early Modern History. 15 (6): 477–505. doi:10.1163/157006511X604013. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
Jin, Sangpil (2019-03-04). "The Port Hamilton (Geomundo) Incident (1885–1887): Retracing Another Great Game in Eurasia". The International History Review (به انگلیسی). 41 (2): 280–303. doi:10.1080/07075332.2017.1409791. ISSN 0707-5332.
Lin, Ming-te (1991-07). "Li Hung-chang's Suzerain Policy toward Korea, 1882-1894". Chinese Studies in History (به انگلیسی). 24 (4): 69–96. doi:10.2753/CSH0009-4633240469. ISSN 0009-4633. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

dx.doi.org

Robinson, David M. (2017). "Rethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International Context". Korean Studies. 41 (1): 75–98. doi:10.1353/ks.2017.0019. ISSN 1529-1529.

donga.com

Park Jong-hyo (박종효), former professor at Lomonosov Moscow State University (1 January 2002). 일본인 폭도가 가슴을 세 번 짓밟고 일본도로 난자했다. Dong-a Ilbo (به کره‌ای). No. 508. pp. 472 ~ 485. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
Park Hoon (박훈) (28 May 2021). "'반일' 이전에 '항청'… 속국을 거부한 조선의 싸움[박훈 한일 역사의 갈림길]" ‘반일’ 이전에 ‘항청’… 속국을 거부한 조선의 싸움[박훈 한일 역사의 갈림길]－ (به کره‌ای). The Dong-a Ilbo. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021. 19세기 후반 서양과 일본의 대두로 중대한 도전에 직면하게 된다. 이미 주권국가 체제를 확립한 이 국가들이 조청(朝淸)관계의 ‘정체’를 묻기 시작한 것이다. 그 계기는 병인양요(1866년), 신미양요(1871년)였다. 프랑스와 미국은 조선과 전쟁을 하면 청나를 침범하는 게 되는지, 청나라는 개입할 것인지, 그 이전에 도대체 조청관계는 어떤 것인지를 물었다. 청 정부의 답변은 ‘속국이지만 자주적인 나라이고, 자주적이지만 동시에 속국’이었다. 즉, 속국자주(屬國自主)였다...그러나 조선 같은 조공국은 사실상 독립국이라는 게 당시 조선과 서양, 그리고 일본의 입장이었다.

doopedia.co.kr

춘추관 (به کره‌ای). Doosan Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2014.

ehbook.co.kr

"...before the introduction of modern medicine in the early 1900s the average life expectancy for Koreans was just 24 for males and 26 for females." Lankov, Andrei; Kim EunHaeng (2007). The Dawn of Modern Korea. Seoul, South Korea: EunHaeng Namu. p. 47. ISBN 978-89-5660-214-1. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

history.go.kr

sillok.history.go.kr

"Veritable Records of Taejong, vol. 1, year of 1401, 6th month, 12nd day". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
Veritable Records of Injoo, vol. 35, year of 1637, 11th month, 20nd day بایگانی‌شده در ۲ ژوئن ۲۰۲۱ توسط Wayback Machine.
"Veritable Records of Jeongjo, vol. 2, year of 1776, 8th month, 18nd day". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

contents.history.go.kr

History net 조공횟수의 문제 (The problem of the frequency of tributes), بایگانی‌شده در ۵ آوریل ۲۰۲۳ توسط Wayback Machine

isr.or.jp

Mitani Hiroshi (三谷博) (18 January 2016). グローバル化への対応－中・日・韓三国の分岐－ (PDF) (به ژاپنی). Statistical Research Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2021. Statistical Research Society Journal No. 1 (統計研究会『学際』第1号)

jkcf.or.jp

Harada Damaki (原田環) (12 June 2005). 東アジアの国際関係とその近代化－朝鮮と－ (PDF) (به ژاپنی). The Japan-Korea cultural foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2021. Joint Research Report on Japan-Korea History No. 1 (日韓歴史共同研究報告書 -第1期-)

kci.go.kr

Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.
Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.
Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.
Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.

koreatimes.co.kr

An, Seung-jun (4 April 2014). "Forgotten story of Princess Gyeonghye". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.

naenara.com.kp

"조선력사 시대구분표". Naenara (به کره‌ای). Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
"Korean History in Chronological Order". Naenara. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

nate.com

100.nate.com

(به کره‌ای) 계해약조 癸亥約條 بایگانی‌شده در ۱۰ ژوئن ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine Nate / Britannica
(به کره‌ای)계해조약 癸亥約條 بایگانی‌شده در ۱۰ ژوئن ۲۰۱۱ توسط Wayback Machine Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture

noormags.ir

جونگ‌وی‌کیم؛ مهدوی، محمدجواد (۱۳۷۶). «سرزمین کره در متون عربی و فارسی اسلامی». مشکوة (۵۶, ۵۷): ۲۷۴–۳۰۰. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۳.
یانگ-وو-نام؛ فلاحیان، ناهید (۱۳۸۲). «ساختار داخلی مادرشهر در کره جنوبی». رشد آموزش جغرافیا (۶۵): ۱۸–۲۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.
شاه‌نسی، شیدا (۱۳۸۳). «درآمدی بر حماسهٔ ادیسه». کتاب ماه هنر (۷۵, ۷۶): ۱۶۲–۱۶۷. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.
دوستدار، حبیب (۱۳۸۴). «پنجره ای به ادیان: آیین بودای کره ای». اخبار ادیان (۱۵): ۳۶–۴۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.
شهبا، محمد (۱۳۷۶). «خطی از خطه سوم: نگاهی به داستان کوتاه در ادبیات کره». ادبیات داستانی (۴۳): ۱۲۹–۱۳۳. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.
متین‌فر، علی (۱۳۸۸). «وحدت دو کره و موضع ژاپن». سیاست خارجی (۹۰): ۷۵۱–۷۷۴. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.

nytimes.com

timesmachine.nytimes.com

Characteristics of Queen of Corea بایگانی‌شده در ۲۸ فوریه ۲۰۲۱ توسط Wayback Machine The New York Times 10 November 1895

repec.org

ideas.repec.org

Rhee, Young-hoon; Yang, Donghyu. "Korean Nobi in American Mirror: Yi Dynasty Coerced Labor in Comparison to the Slavery in the Antebellum Southern United States". Working Paper Series. Institute of Economic Research, Seoul National University. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2016.

snu.ac.kr

kyudb.snu.ac.kr

김지남 (1888). "9". Record of Joseon Diplomacy. Vol. 3. pp. 126–127. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
"Journal of the Royal Secretariat, vol. 2902, year of 1882, 7th month, 1nd day". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

tandfonline.com

Jin, Sangpil (2019-03-04). "The Port Hamilton (Geomundo) Incident (1885–1887): Retracing Another Great Game in Eurasia". The International History Review (به انگلیسی). 41 (2): 280–303. doi:10.1080/07075332.2017.1409791. ISSN 0707-5332.
Lin, Ming-te (1991-07). "Li Hung-chang's Suzerain Policy toward Korea, 1882-1894". Chinese Studies in History (به انگلیسی). 24 (4): 69–96. doi:10.2753/CSH0009-4633240469. ISSN 0009-4633. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

unesco.org

"Ilseongnok: Records of Daily Reflections" (PDF). Memory of the World Register. UNESCO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

web.archive.org

Mitani Hiroshi (三谷博) (18 January 2016). グローバル化への対応－中・日・韓三国の分岐－ (PDF) (به ژاپنی). Statistical Research Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2021. Statistical Research Society Journal No. 1 (統計研究会『学際』第1号)
Harada Damaki (原田環) (12 June 2005). 東アジアの国際関係とその近代化－朝鮮と－ (PDF) (به ژاپنی). The Japan-Korea cultural foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2021. Joint Research Report on Japan-Korea History No. 1 (日韓歴史共同研究報告書 -第1期-)
Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.
Yoo bada (13 July 2017). "Japanese Awareness about Joseon's International Legal Status after Imo Military Rebellion" (به انگلیسی). Korea Citation Index. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. Qing arranged for the conclusion of the Joseon-America Treaty in 1882, and regulated the Joseon-China Regulation after suppressing the Imo Military Rebellion and defined Joseon as a SemiSovereign or Dependent State based on the Elements of International Law...If so, Joseon would gain the international legal status of protectorate and his sovereignty should be limited.
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worldcat.org

Robinson, David M. (2017). "Rethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International Context". Korean Studies. 41 (1): 75–98. doi:10.1353/ks.2017.0019. ISSN 1529-1529.
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Lee, Seokwoo; Lee, Hee Eun (12 May 2016). The Making of International Law in Korea: From Colony to Asian Power (به انگلیسی). Brill. p. 21. ISBN 978-9004315754. OCLC 1006718121. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Wang, Yuan-kang (15 December 2010). Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics (به انگلیسی). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231522403. OCLC 774509438. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
Seth, Michael J. (16 October 2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present (به انگلیسی). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 144. ISBN 978-0742567177. OCLC 644646716. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
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yjc.ir

خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران (۲۰۱۳-۰۴-۰۵). «نگاهی به تاریخچه "کره جنوبی"+تصاویر». خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | YJC. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۲-۰۸.