گاه‌شمار جهان (Persian Wikipedia)

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Planck Collaboration (October 2016). "Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. The Planck Collaboration in 2015 published the estimate of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago (68% confidence interval). See PDF: page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.
Chen, Ke-Jung; Heger, Alexander; Woosley, Stan; et al. (1 September 2014). "Pair Instability Supernovae of Very Massive Population III Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 792 (1): Article 44. arXiv:1402.5960. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792...44C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/44. S2CID 119296923.
del Peloso, Eduardo F.; da Silva, Licio; Porto de Mello, Gustavo F.; et al. (5 September 2005). "The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology - III. Extended sample" (PDF). Stellar atmospheres. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 440 (3): 1153–1159. arXiv:astro-ph/0506458. Bibcode:2005A&A...440.1153D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053307. S2CID 16484977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.

Planck Collaboration (October 2016). "Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. The Planck Collaboration in 2015 published the estimate of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago (68% confidence interval). See PDF: page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.
Chen, Ke-Jung; Heger, Alexander; Woosley, Stan; et al. (1 September 2014). "Pair Instability Supernovae of Very Massive Population III Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 792 (1): Article 44. arXiv:1402.5960. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792...44C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/44. S2CID 119296923.
del Peloso, Eduardo F.; da Silva, Licio; Porto de Mello, Gustavo F.; et al. (5 September 2005). "The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology - III. Extended sample" (PDF). Stellar atmospheres. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 440 (3): 1153–1159. arXiv:astro-ph/0506458. Bibcode:2005A&A...440.1153D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053307. S2CID 16484977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.

Planck Collaboration (October 2016). "Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. The Planck Collaboration in 2015 published the estimate of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago (68% confidence interval). See PDF: page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.
Chen, Ke-Jung; Heger, Alexander; Woosley, Stan; et al. (1 September 2014). "Pair Instability Supernovae of Very Massive Population III Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 792 (1): Article 44. arXiv:1402.5960. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792...44C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/44. S2CID 119296923.
del Peloso, Eduardo F.; da Silva, Licio; Porto de Mello, Gustavo F.; et al. (5 September 2005). "The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology - III. Extended sample" (PDF). Stellar atmospheres. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 440 (3): 1153–1159. arXiv:astro-ph/0506458. Bibcode:2005A&A...440.1153D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053307. S2CID 16484977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.

(Tanabashi, M. 2018، ص. 358، chpt. 21.4.1: "Big-Bang Cosmology" (Revised September 2017) by Keith A. Olive and John A. Peacock.)
- Notes: Edward L. Wright's Javascript Cosmology Calculator (last modified 23 July 2018). With a default $H_{0}$ = ۶۹٫۶

Planck Collaboration (October 2016). "Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: Article A13. arXiv:1502.01589. Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. S2CID 119262962. The Planck Collaboration in 2015 published the estimate of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago (68% confidence interval). See PDF: page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column.
Chen, Ke-Jung; Heger, Alexander; Woosley, Stan; et al. (1 September 2014). "Pair Instability Supernovae of Very Massive Population III Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 792 (1): Article 44. arXiv:1402.5960. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792...44C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/44. S2CID 119296923.
del Peloso, Eduardo F.; da Silva, Licio; Porto de Mello, Gustavo F.; et al. (5 September 2005). "The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology - III. Extended sample" (PDF). Stellar atmospheres. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 440 (3): 1153–1159. arXiv:astro-ph/0506458. Bibcode:2005A&A...440.1153D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053307. S2CID 16484977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.

(Tanabashi, M. 2018، ص. 358، chpt. 21.4.1: "Big-Bang Cosmology" (Revised September 2017) by Keith A. Olive and John A. Peacock.)
- Notes: Edward L. Wright's Javascript Cosmology Calculator (last modified 23 July 2018). With a default $H_{0}$ = ۶۹٫۶