یهودیان (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "یهودیان" in Persian language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Persian rank

23books.google.com

3^rd place

6^th place

16web.archive.org

1^st place

13doi.org

2^nd place

11britannica.com

40^th place

28^th place

11archive.org

6^th place

9^th place

9worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

5jstor.org

26^th place

72^nd place

4cambridge.org

305^th place

152^nd place

4nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

2louisville.edu

low place

2princeton.edu

741^st place

701^st place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

52^nd place

2jewishvirtuallibrary.org

1,008^th place

658^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

24^th place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

1,796^th place

1ut.ee

8,317^th place

2,828^th place

1sciencedaily.com

993^rd place

639^th place

1wikipedia.org

low place

5,531^st place

1palgrave.com

9,872^nd place

6,921^st place

1degruyter.com

1,425^th place

528^th place

1iranicaonline.org

358^th place

17^th place

1erolsadiku.com

low place

1lareviewofbooks.org

4,846^th place

low place

1villanova.edu

low place

1shamash.org

low place

1torah.org

low place

1biu.ac.il

9,276^th place

low place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

185^th place

1biblicalarchaeology.org

low place

1oapen.org

8,298^th place

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

515^th place

1jewishencyclopedia.com

1,019^th place

796^th place

1jewishagency.org

low place

1mnhs.org

8,128^th place

low place

1jinfo.org

low place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

317^th place

1encyclopedia.com

462^nd place

616^th place

1bhol.co.il

low place

1census.gov

45^th place

112^th place

1radiozamaneh.com

2,808^th place

51^st place

1loghatnaameh.com

7,847^th place

212^th place

1vajehyab.com

2,943^rd place

54^th place

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Persian: 9^th place)

Palmer, Edward Henry (October 14, 2002) [First published 1874]. A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-931956-69-7. OCLC 51578088. Retrieved 2012-04-02. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Chouraqui, André (1975). The people and the faith of the Bible (به انگلیسی). Internet Archive. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-87023-172-8. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
"Yiddish". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (به انگلیسی) (11th ed.). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster. 2004. p. 1453. ISBN 0-87779-809-5.
Jacob Neusner (1991). An Introduction to Judaism: A Textbook and Reader (به انگلیسی). Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 375–. ISBN 978-0-664-25348-6. پس از ایجاد دولت اسرائیل، به سختی می‌توان وجود یک ملت یهودی را انکار کرد {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Palmer, Edward Henry (2002) [First published 1874]. A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (به انگلیسی). Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-931956-69-7. OCLC 51578088. Retrieved 2 April 2012. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help) خطای یادکرد: برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ نام «:3» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1997). World Religions: An Introduction for Students (به انگلیسی). Sussex Academic Press. p. 7. ISBN 1-898723-48-6. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Martin, Troy W. (2003). "The Covenant of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9-14) and the Situational Antitheses in Galatians 3:28". Journal of Biblical Literature (به انگلیسی). 122 (1): 111–125. doi:10.2307/3268093. JSTOR 3268093.
Hastings, Adrian (1997). The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 186–187. ISBN 0-521-59391-3.
Goodman, Martin (2018). A History of Judaism. Princeton Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 21, 232. ISBN 978-0-691-18127-1.
Bowersock, G. W. (2017). The Crucible of Islam. Harvard University Press. pp. 102. ISBN 978-0-674-23772-8.
Grintz, Jehoshua M. (March 1960). "Hebrew as the Spoken and Written Language in the Last Days of the Second Temple". Journal of Biblical Literature. The Society of Biblical Literature. 79 (1): 32–47. doi:10.2307/3264497. JSTOR 3264497.

bhol.co.il (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"'Kometz Aleph – Au': How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?". Nachman Gur for Behadrey Haredim. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.

biblicalarchaeology.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

library.biblicalarchaeology.org

Fried، Lisbeth S. «Cyrus the Messiah». The BAS Library (به انگلیسی). دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۵-۰۶-۱۸.

biu.ac.il (Global: 9,276^th place; Persian: low place)

"دوره دوم معبد (538 پیش از میلاد تا 70 میلادی) حکومت پارسی". Biu.ac.il. Retrieved 15 March 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Persian: 6^th place)

Leonora Leet , "The Hexagram and Hebraic Sacred Science" in :The Secret Doctrine of the Kabbalah, 1999, 212-217.
Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer, eds. (1986). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament (به انگلیسی). Vol. V. Translated by Green, David E. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans. pp. 483–84. ISBN 978-0-8028-2329-8. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Julia Phillips Berger; Sue Parker Gerson (2006). Teaching Jewish History (به انگلیسی). Behrman House, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-86705-183-4. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Kleinedler, Steven; Spitz, Susan; et al., eds. (2005). The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style (به انگلیسی). Houghton Mifflin Company. Jew. ISBN 978-0-618-60499-9. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
M. Nicholson (2002). International Relations: A Concise Introduction (به انگلیسی). NYU Press. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-0-8147-5822-9. یهودیان یک ملت هستند و پیش از وجود کشور یهودی اسرائیل نیز چنین بودند {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Alan Dowty (1998). The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface (به انگلیسی). University of California Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-0-520-92706-3. یهودیان یک قوم، یک ملت (به معنای اصلی کلمه)، یک قومیت هستند {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
David M. Gordis; Zachary I. Heller (2012). Jewish Secularity: The Search for Roots and the Challenges of Relevant Meaning (به انگلیسی). University Press of America. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-7618-5793-8. یهودیت یک فرهنگ و تمدن است که سکولار را نیز در بر می‌گیرد {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Seth Daniel Kunin (2000). Themes and Issues in Judaism (به انگلیسی). A&C Black. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-304-33758-3. اگرچه فرهنگ - و یهودیت یک فرهنگ (یا فرهنگ‌ها) و همچنین دین است - می‌تواند به دسته‌های تحلیلی مختلف تقسیم شود… {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Paul R. Mendes-Flohr (1991). Divided Passions: Jewish Intellectuals and the Experience of Modernity (به انگلیسی). Wayne State University Press. pp. 421–. ISBN 0-8143-2030-9. اگرچه یهودیت یک فرهنگ است - یا بهتر بگوییم فرهنگی دارد - اما به‌طور برجسته‌ای بیش از یک فرهنگ است {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Emma Klein (2016). Lost Jews: The Struggle for Identity Today (به انگلیسی). Springer. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-349-24319-8. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Robin May Schott (2010). Birth, Death, and Femininity: Philosophies of Embodiment (به انگلیسی). Indiana University Press. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-0-253-00482-6. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Dever, William G. (2001). What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel (به انگلیسی). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3.
Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel, ed. (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6. Retrieved 12 October 2018. Sargon's heir, Sennacherib (705–681), could not deal with Hezekiah's revolt until he gained control of Babylon in 702 BCE.
Grabbe, Lester L. (2004). A History of the Jewish People and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Yehud – A History of the Persian Province of Judah v. 1. T & T Clark. p. 355. ISBN 978-0-567-08998-4.
Peter Fibiger Bang; Walter Scheidel (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–187. ISBN 978-0-19-518831-8. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
Peter Fibiger Bang; Walter Scheidel (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. OUP USA. pp. 184–87. ISBN 978-0-19-518831-8.
Abraham Malamat (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. pp. 223–239. ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6.
Erwin Fahlbusch; Geoffrey William Bromiley (2005). The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-8028-2416-5. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
Jodi Magness (2011). "Sectarianism before and after 70 CE". In Daniel R. Schwartz; Zeev Weiss (eds.). Was 70 CE a Watershed in Jewish History?: On Jews and Judaism before and after the Destruction of the Second Temple. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-21744-7.
اریک اس. گرون، Diaspora: Jews Amidst Greeks and Romans انتشارات دانشگاه هاروارد، 2009، صفحات 3–4، 233–34: «جابجایی اجباری… نمی‌تواند بیشتر از بخشی از دیاسپورا را توضیح دهد. … اکثریت یهودیانی که در دوره معبد دوم در خارج از فلسطین زندگی می‌کردند، این کار را به‌طور داوطلبانه انجام دادند.» دیاسپورا منتظر سقوط اورشلیم به دست روم و ویرانی آن نماند. پراکندگی یهودیان پیش از آن آغاز شده بود، گاهی از طریق اخراج‌های اجباری، اما به‌طور عمده از طریق مهاجرت‌های داوطلبانه.»
E. Mary Smallwood (1984). "The Diaspora in the Roman period before AD 70". In William David Davies; Louis Finkelstein; William Horbury (eds.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: The early Roman period, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24377-3.
{{cite book |author=Edward Kessler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87Woe7kkPM4C&pg=PA72 |title=An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-521-70562-2 |page=72 |quote=به احتمال زیاد یهودیان تا مدتی بعد از تبدیل کنستانتین کبیر در قرن چهارم، در فلسطین به‌عنوان اکثریت باقی‌مانده بودند… در بابل، برای قرن‌ها جامعه یهودی وجود داشت که به‌ویژه پس از فرار از تبعات قیام‌های رومی تقویت شد.
شلوس, چایم (2002). 2000 سال تاریخ یهودی: از ویرانی معبد دوم تا قرن بیستم (به انگلیسی). انتشارات فلدهایم. ISBN 978-1-58330-214-9.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Persian: 28^th place)

* "In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Old Testament." Jew at Encyclopedia Britannica
"Hebrew, any member of an ancient northern Semitic people that were the ancestors of the Jews." Hebrew (People) at Encyclopedia Britannica
"Passover | Judaism, Story, Meaning, & Traditions | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-06-16. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Talmud and Midrash (Judaism) :: The making of the Talmuds: 3rd–6th century". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
"Hebrew Bible - Torah, Prophets, Writings | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-06-09. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Talmud and Midrash | Definition, Books, Examples, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-05-01. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Rosh Hashana | Jewish New Year, High Holidays, Traditions, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Yom Kippur | Holiday, Purpose, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-04-26. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Purim | Definition, Story, History, Traditions, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Hanukkah | Celebration, Story, Menorah, Candles, History, Customs, & Food, | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-05-17. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
"Bar and bat mitzvah | Judaism, Ceremony, Age, History, & Meaning | Britannica". www.britannica.com (به انگلیسی). 2025-05-27. Retrieved 2025-06-18.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Persian: 152^nd place)

Goodblatt, David (2006). Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 11–12. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499067. ISBN 978-0-521-86202-8.
Kerkeslager, Allen; Setzer, Claudia; Trebilco, Paul; Goodblatt, David (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 4, pp. 62–63, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.004, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 10 September 2024
Zeev, Miriam Pucci Ben (22 June 2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117", The Cambridge History of Judaism (1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 98, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.005, ISBN 978-1-139-05513-0, retrieved 8 September 2024
Gafni, Isaiah (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Political, Social, and Economic History of Babylonian Jewry, 224–638 CE", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 4, p. 805, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.033, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 10 September 2024

census.gov (Global: 45^th place; Persian: 112^th place)

"Table 53. Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2009", The 2012 Statistical Abstract, U.S. Census Bureau, archived from the original on 25 December 2007, retrieved 27 December 2011

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; Persian: 528^th place)

Ghil'ad Zuckermann, 2014, Jewish Language Contact بایگانی‌شده در ۲۶ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۸ توسط Wayback Machine (=International Journal of the Sociology of Language 226).

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Persian: 2^nd place)

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–41. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 11153918.
Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation" (PDF). Human mutation. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C (2010). "Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (6): 850–859. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC 3032072. PMID 20560205. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
Staples, Jason A. (2021). "The Idea of Israel in Second Temple Judaism: A New Theory of People, Exile, and Israelite Identity". Cambridge University Press (به انگلیسی): 25–53. doi:10.1017/9781108906524. ISBN 978-1-108-90652-4. S2CID 235573883 – via Cambridge Core. {{cite journal}}: |url-access= requires |url= (help); More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Martin, Troy W. (2003). "The Covenant of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9-14) and the Situational Antitheses in Galatians 3:28". Journal of Biblical Literature (به انگلیسی). 122 (1): 111–125. doi:10.2307/3268093. JSTOR 3268093.
Goodblatt, David (2006). Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 11–12. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499067. ISBN 978-0-521-86202-8.
Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Penn State University Press. p. 367. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5fd. ISBN 978-1-57506-297-6. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5fd.
Levin, Yigal (24 September 2020). "The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism". Religions. 11 (10): 487. doi:10.3390/rel11100487. ISSN 2077-1444.
Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim (27 May 2021). "Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?". Journal of Roman Archaeology (به انگلیسی). 34 (2): 585–607. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 236389017.
Kerkeslager, Allen; Setzer, Claudia; Trebilco, Paul; Goodblatt, David (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 4, pp. 62–63, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.004, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 10 September 2024
Zeev, Miriam Pucci Ben (22 June 2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117", The Cambridge History of Judaism (1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 98, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.005, ISBN 978-1-139-05513-0, retrieved 8 September 2024
Gafni, Isaiah (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.), "The Political, Social, and Economic History of Babylonian Jewry, 224–638 CE", The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, The Cambridge History of Judaism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 4, p. 805, doi:10.1017/chol9780521772488.033, ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8, retrieved 10 September 2024
Grintz, Jehoshua M. (March 1960). "Hebrew as the Spoken and Written Language in the Last Days of the Second Temple". Journal of Biblical Literature. The Society of Biblical Literature. 79 (1): 32–47. doi:10.2307/3264497. JSTOR 3264497.

encyclopedia.com (Global: 462^nd place; Persian: 616^th place)

"Abraham Ben Isaac Ben Garton". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

erolsadiku.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Gershom Scholem (۱۹۴۹). %5bhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140630010849/http://www.erolsadiku.com/DOWNLOAD/FREEMASONRY%20(SLOBODNO%20ZIDARSTVO)/Books-3/Gershom%20Scholem%20-%20The%20Curious%20History%20of%20the%20Six-Pointed%20Star_www.ErolSadiku.com.pdf بایگانی‌شده%5d در ۳۰ ژوئن ۲۰۱۴ توسط %5b%5bWayback Machine%5d%5d%5b%5bرده:پیوندهای وی‌بک الگوی بایگانی اینترنت%5d%5d «The Curious History of the Six-Pointed Star. How the "Magen David" Became the Jewish Symbol» مقدار |نشانی= را بررسی کنید (کمک). Commentary (۸): ۲۴۳–۲۵۱ (۲۴۸). In the beginning these designs had no special names or terms, and it is only in the Middle Ages that definite names began to be given to some of those most widely used. There is very little doubt that terms like these first became popular among the Arabs, who showed a tremendous interest in all the occult sciences, arranging and ordering them systematically long before the Practical Cabalists thought of doing so.
It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that for a long time both the five-pointed and the six-pointed stars were called by one name, the "Seal of Solomon," and that no distinction was made between them. This name is obviously related to the Jewish legend of Solomon's dominion over the spirits, and of his ring with the Ineffable Name engraved on it. These legends expanded and proliferated in a marked fashion during the Middle Ages, among Jews and Arabs alike, but the name, "Seal of Solomon," apparently originated with the Arabs. This term they did not apply to any one design exclusively; they applied it to an entire series of seven seals to which they attributed extreme potency in putting to flight the forces of the Demon.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; Persian: 515^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Leibner, Uzi (2009). Settlement and History in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Galilee: An Archaeological Survey of the Eastern Galilee (به انگلیسی). Mohr Siebeck. pp. 321–324, 362–371, 396–400, 414–416. hdl:20.500.12657/43969. ISBN 978-3-16-151460-9.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358^th place; Persian: 17^th place)

CHRONOLOGY OF IRANIAN HISTORY PART 1 iranicaonline.org

jewishagency.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"فصل اول". آژانس یهود برای اسرائیل1. 21 ژوئیه 2005. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2015.

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,019^th place; Persian: 796^th place)

"گئون – JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,008^th place; Persian: 658^th place)

Weiner, Rebecca (2007). "Who is a Jew?". کتابخانه مجازی یهودی (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 6 October 2007. {{cite encyclopedia}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Jews of Iran

jinfo.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"برندگان جایزه نوبل یهودی". jinfo.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2011.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Persian: 72^nd place)

Schwartz, Daniel R. (2014). Judeans and Jews: Four Faces of Dichotomy in Ancient Jewish History (به انگلیسی). University of Toronto Press. pp. 3–10. ISBN 978-1-4426-4839-5. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt1287s34. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Martin, Troy W. (2003). "The Covenant of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9-14) and the Situational Antitheses in Galatians 3:28". Journal of Biblical Literature (به انگلیسی). 122 (1): 111–125. doi:10.2307/3268093. JSTOR 3268093.
Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Penn State University Press. p. 367. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5fd. ISBN 978-1-57506-297-6. JSTOR 10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5fd.
یهودیان خاورمیانه و آفریقای شمالی در دوران مدرن. انتشارات دانشگاه کلمبیا. 2002. JSTOR 10.7312/simo10796.
Grintz, Jehoshua M. (March 1960). "Hebrew as the Spoken and Written Language in the Last Days of the Second Temple". Journal of Biblical Literature. The Society of Biblical Literature. 79 (1): 32–47. doi:10.2307/3264497. JSTOR 3264497.

lareviewofbooks.org (Global: 4,846^th place; Persian: low place)

marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org

Adele Reinhartz, "The Vanishing Jews of Antiquity" الگو:بایگانی وب "Marginalia", L.A. Review of Books, 24 June 2014.

loghatnaameh.com (Global: 7,847^th place; Persian: 212^th place)

http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-c160bd7d826e4ebc8c8b5d3afb921437-fa.html

louisville.edu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

Brandeis, Louis (April 25, 1915). "The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It". University of Louisville School of Law. Retrieved 2012-04-02. Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member
Brandeis, Louis (25 April 1915). "The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It" (به انگلیسی). University of Louisville School of Law. Retrieved 2 April 2012. یهودیان یک ملیت متمایز هستند که هر یهودی، صرف‌نظر از کشور، جایگاه یا گرایش اعتقادی‌اش، لزوماً عضوی از آن است {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help) خطای یادکرد: برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ نام «:2» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).

mnhs.org (Global: 8,128^th place; Persian: low place)

collections.mnhs.org

لوین, رودا جی. (1979). "استریوتیپ و واقعیت در تجربه مهاجرت یهودی‌ها به مینه‌پلیس" (PDF). Minnesota History. 46 (7): 259. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Persian: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–41. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 11153918.
Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation" (PDF). Human mutation. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C (2010). "Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (6): 850–859. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC 3032072. PMID 20560205. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C (2010). "Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (6): 850–859. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC 3032072. PMID 20560205. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Persian: 24^th place)

Wade, Nicholas (June 9, 2010). "Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity". New York Times.

oapen.org (Global: 8,298^th place; Persian: low place)

library.oapen.org

Leibner, Uzi (2009). Settlement and History in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Galilee: An Archaeological Survey of the Eastern Galilee (به انگلیسی). Mohr Siebeck. pp. 321–324, 362–371, 396–400, 414–416. hdl:20.500.12657/43969. ISBN 978-3-16-151460-9.

palgrave.com (Global: 9,872^nd place; Persian: 6,921^st place)

Ghil'ad Zuckermann, 2003, Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Palgrave Macmillan (ISBN 978-1-4039-1723-2 / ISBN 978140338695)

princeton.edu (Global: 741^st place; Persian: 701^st place)

press.princeton.edu

Einstein, Albert (June 21, 1921). "How I Became a Zionist" (PDF). Einstein Papers Project. Princeton University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 2012-04-05. The Jewish nation is a living fact
Einstein, Albert (21 June 1921). "How I Became a Zionist" (PDF). پروژه مقالات انیشتین (به انگلیسی). انتشارات دانشگاه پرینستون. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2012. ملت یهود یک واقعیت زنده است {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)

radiozamaneh.com (Global: 2,808^th place; Persian: 51^st place)

«رادیو زمانه | نیلگون | سیاست | فرهنگ | کاریکاتورهای هولوکاست در تهران». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۸ مه ۲۰۱۰. دریافت‌شده در ۶ ژوئن ۲۰۱۴.

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; Persian: 639^th place)

"Jews Are The Genetic Brothers Of Palestinians, Syrians, And Lebanese". Sciencedaily.com. 2000-05-09. Retrieved 2013-04-12.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Persian: 52^nd place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Staples, Jason A. (2021). "The Idea of Israel in Second Temple Judaism: A New Theory of People, Exile, and Israelite Identity". Cambridge University Press (به انگلیسی): 25–53. doi:10.1017/9781108906524. ISBN 978-1-108-90652-4. S2CID 235573883 – via Cambridge Core. {{cite journal}}: |url-access= requires |url= (help); More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim (27 May 2021). "Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?". Journal of Roman Archaeology (به انگلیسی). 34 (2): 585–607. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 236389017.

shamash.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"What is the origin of Matrilineal Descent?" (به انگلیسی). Shamash.org. 4 September 2003. Archived from the original on 18 October 1996. Retrieved 9 January 2009. {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)

torah.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

"What is the source of the law that a child is Jewish only if its mother is Jewish?" (به انگلیسی). Torah.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2009. {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; Persian: 317^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

The family name of the Hasmonean dynasty originates with the ancestor of the house, Ἀσαμωναῖος Asamoneus or Asmoneus (see یوسیفوس، Jewish Antiquities: [۱]; [۲]; [۳]), who is said to have been the great-grandfather of Mattathias, but about whom nothing more is known.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; Persian: 1,796^th place)

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–41. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 11153918.

ut.ee (Global: 8,317^th place; Persian: 2,828^th place)

evolutsioon.ut.ee

Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation" (PDF). Human mutation. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)

vajehyab.com (Global: 2,943^rd place; Persian: 54^th place)

http://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/جهود

villanova.edu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

expositions.journals.villanova.edu

Snyder, Glenn E. (2015). "Paul Beyond the Jew/Gentile Dichotomy: A Perspective from Benjamin". Expositions (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 1 June 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Persian: 1^st place)

Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation" (PDF). Human mutation. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
Einstein, Albert (June 21, 1921). "How I Became a Zionist" (PDF). Einstein Papers Project. Princeton University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 2012-04-05. The Jewish nation is a living fact
Ghil'ad Zuckermann, 2014, Jewish Language Contact بایگانی‌شده در ۲۶ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۸ توسط Wayback Machine (=International Journal of the Sociology of Language 226).
Einstein, Albert (21 June 1921). "How I Became a Zionist" (PDF). پروژه مقالات انیشتین (به انگلیسی). انتشارات دانشگاه پرینستون. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2012. ملت یهود یک واقعیت زنده است {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Snyder, Glenn E. (2015). "Paul Beyond the Jew/Gentile Dichotomy: A Perspective from Benjamin". Expositions (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 1 June 2025.
"What is the origin of Matrilineal Descent?" (به انگلیسی). Shamash.org. 4 September 2003. Archived from the original on 18 October 1996. Retrieved 9 January 2009. {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
"What is the source of the law that a child is Jewish only if its mother is Jewish?" (به انگلیسی). Torah.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2009. {{cite web}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help)
Peter Fibiger Bang; Walter Scheidel (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–187. ISBN 978-0-19-518831-8. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
Erwin Fahlbusch; Geoffrey William Bromiley (2005). The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-8028-2416-5. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
"فصل اول". آژانس یهود برای اسرائیل1. 21 ژوئیه 2005. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
لوین, رودا جی. (1979). "استریوتیپ و واقعیت در تجربه مهاجرت یهودی‌ها به مینه‌پلیس" (PDF). Minnesota History. 46 (7): 259. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
"برندگان جایزه نوبل یهودی". jinfo.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
"Abraham Ben Isaac Ben Garton". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
"'Kometz Aleph – Au': How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?". Nachman Gur for Behadrey Haredim. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
"Table 53. Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2009", The 2012 Statistical Abstract, U.S. Census Bureau, archived from the original on 25 December 2007, retrieved 27 December 2011
«رادیو زمانه | نیلگون | سیاست | فرهنگ | کاریکاتورهای هولوکاست در تهران». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۸ مه ۲۰۱۰. دریافت‌شده در ۶ ژوئن ۲۰۱۴.

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; Persian: 5,531^st place)

en.wikipedia.org

Ghil'ad Zuckermann, 2003, Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Palgrave Macmillan (ISBN 978-1-4039-1723-2 / ISBN 978140338695)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Persian: 185^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Gruen، Erich S. «Jewish Perspectives on Persia». A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire [۲۰۲۱]. ص. ۱۴۶۱.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Persian: 12^th place)

Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–41. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 11153918.
Palmer, Edward Henry (October 14, 2002) [First published 1874]. A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-931956-69-7. OCLC 51578088. Retrieved 2012-04-02. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Palmer, Edward Henry (2002) [First published 1874]. A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (به انگلیسی). Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-931956-69-7. OCLC 51578088. Retrieved 2 April 2012. {{cite book}}: More than one of |عنوان= و |title= specified (help) خطای یادکرد: برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ نام «:3» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
Lemaire, André (2018). "Israel and Judah". The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land. Robert G. Hoyland, H. G. M. Williamson (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 61–85. ISBN 978-0-19-872439-1. OCLC 1017604304.
Levin, Yigal (24 September 2020). "The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism". Religions. 11 (10): 487. doi:10.3390/rel11100487. ISSN 2077-1444.
Zissu, Boaz (2018). "Interbellum Judea 70-132 CE: An Archaeological Perspective". Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries: The Interbellum 70‒132 CE. Joshua Schwartz, Peter J. Tomson. Brill. p. 19. ISBN 978-90-04-34986-5. OCLC 988856967.
Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim (27 May 2021). "Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?". Journal of Roman Archaeology (به انگلیسی). 34 (2): 585–607. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 236389017.
Karesh, Sara E. (2006). Encyclopedia of Judaism. Facts On File. ISBN 978-1-78785-171-9. OCLC 1162305378. Until the modern period, the destruction of the Temple was the most cataclysmic moment in the history of the Jewish people. Without the Temple, the Sadducees no longer had any claim to authority, and they faded away. The sage Yochanan ben Zakkai, with permission from Rome, set up the outpost of Yavneh to continue development of Pharisaic, or rabbinic, Judaism.
بن-ساسون، حییم هلیل (1972) [1969]. اترینگر، ساموئل (ed.). جامعه یهودی در طول اعصار. انتشارات شوکن. OCLC 581911264.

یهودیان (Persian Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; Persian: 9th place)

bhol.co.il (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

biblicalarchaeology.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

library.biblicalarchaeology.org

biu.ac.il (Global: 9,276th place; Persian: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Persian: 6th place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; Persian: 28th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305th place; Persian: 152nd place)

census.gov (Global: 45th place; Persian: 112th place)

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425th place; Persian: 528th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Persian: 2nd place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 462nd place; Persian: 616th place)

erolsadiku.com (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; Persian: 515th place)

hdl.handle.net

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358th place; Persian: 17th place)

jewishagency.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,019th place; Persian: 796th place)

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,008th place; Persian: 658th place)

jinfo.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; Persian: 72nd place)

lareviewofbooks.org (Global: 4,846th place; Persian: low place)

marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org

loghatnaameh.com (Global: 7,847th place; Persian: 212th place)

louisville.edu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

mnhs.org (Global: 8,128th place; Persian: low place)

collections.mnhs.org

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; Persian: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; Persian: 24th place)

oapen.org (Global: 8,298th place; Persian: low place)

library.oapen.org

palgrave.com (Global: 9,872nd place; Persian: 6,921st place)

princeton.edu (Global: 741st place; Persian: 701st place)

press.princeton.edu

radiozamaneh.com (Global: 2,808th place; Persian: 51st place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993rd place; Persian: 639th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; Persian: 52nd place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shamash.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

torah.org (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155th place; Persian: 317th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306th place; Persian: 1,796th place)

ut.ee (Global: 8,317th place; Persian: 2,828th place)

evolutsioon.ut.ee

vajehyab.com (Global: 2,943rd place; Persian: 54th place)

villanova.edu (Global: low place; Persian: low place)

expositions.journals.villanova.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Persian: 1st place)

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; Persian: 5,531st place)

en.wikipedia.org

wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; Persian: 185th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; Persian: 12th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Persian: 9^th place)

biu.ac.il (Global: 9,276^th place; Persian: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Persian: 6^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Persian: 28^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Persian: 152^nd place)

census.gov (Global: 45^th place; Persian: 112^th place)

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; Persian: 528^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Persian: 2^nd place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 462^nd place; Persian: 616^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; Persian: 515^th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358^th place; Persian: 17^th place)

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,019^th place; Persian: 796^th place)

jewishvirtuallibrary.org (Global: 1,008^th place; Persian: 658^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Persian: 72^nd place)

lareviewofbooks.org (Global: 4,846^th place; Persian: low place)

loghatnaameh.com (Global: 7,847^th place; Persian: 212^th place)

mnhs.org (Global: 8,128^th place; Persian: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Persian: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Persian: 24^th place)

oapen.org (Global: 8,298^th place; Persian: low place)

palgrave.com (Global: 9,872^nd place; Persian: 6,921^st place)

princeton.edu (Global: 741^st place; Persian: 701^st place)

radiozamaneh.com (Global: 2,808^th place; Persian: 51^st place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; Persian: 639^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Persian: 52^nd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; Persian: 317^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; Persian: 1,796^th place)

ut.ee (Global: 8,317^th place; Persian: 2,828^th place)

vajehyab.com (Global: 2,943^rd place; Persian: 54^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Persian: 1^st place)

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; Persian: 5,531^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Persian: 185^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Persian: 12^th place)