Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (toim.): Alces alcesMammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 28.7.2011. (englanniksi)
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (toim.): AlcesMammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 28.7.2011. (englanniksi)