Sian Porter: Detox Diets toukokuu 2016. British Dietetic Association.
books.google.com
Cook, Harold: ”From the Scientific Revolution to the Germ Theory”, Western Medicine: An Illustrated History, s. 94. reprint painos. Oxford University Press, 2001. ”By the 1830s, the increasingly widespread view that many well-established remedies, such as bleeding and purging, were actually useless or worse, made it easier to poke fun at old-fashioned doctoring.” ISBN 9780199248131Teoksen verkkoversio Viitattu 21.8.2015.
doi.org
dx.doi.org
Klein, AV; Kiat, H: Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, joulukuu 2015, 28. vsk, nro 6, s. 675–86. PubMed:25522674doi:10.1111/jhn.12286
Compare: Colon Cleansing: Money Down the Toilet 8 August 2006. LiveScience. ”Colon cleansing refers to a more invasive procedure of water and hoses stuck you-know-where. It's not clear when this practice started. [...] The golden age of the colon in America was in the late 19th century when—perhaps influenced by a new emphasis on hygiene and proper sewage removal—serious-minded doctors developed the theory of colonic autointoxication. [...] The idea was that the intestines were a sewage system and that constipation, although never specifically defined, resulted in a cesspool within the body where food wastes would putrefy, become toxic, and get reabsorbed through the intestines. Some scientists also claimed that constipation caused fecal matter to harden onto the intestinal walls for months or years, blocking the absorption of nutrients (yet somehow not blocking toxins). [...] The beginning of the end of the (first) era of autointoxication came with a 1919 article in Journal of the American Medical Association by W.C. Alvarez, "Origin of the so-called auto-intoxication symptom." Soon after, and still to this day, direct observations of the colon through surgery and autopsy find no hardening of fecal matter along the intestinal walls. There's no cesspool either. Cesspools form from copious amounts of feces from entire neighborhoods, which is why crowded cities with inadequate sewage systems smelled so awful and why autointoxication made sense. [...] By the 1920s, colon cleansing was relegated to the realm of quackery.” Viitattu 10 November 2008.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Klein, AV; Kiat, H: Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, joulukuu 2015, 28. vsk, nro 6, s. 675–86. PubMed:25522674doi:10.1111/jhn.12286
