Jimmy Akin: Anathema (This Rock, Volume 11, Number 4, April 2000) April 2000. Catholic Answers,. Arkistoitu 13.8.2006. Viitattu 15.6. 2009. (englanniksi)
Bender, Harold S. "Excommunication." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 18 June 2009 http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/E948.html
goarch.org
saintgeorge.mn.goarch.org
Richard Demetrius Andrews: Excommunication ("The canons of the Church enumerate hundreds of circumstances (various types of sins) and appropriate penances which can exclude someone from communion.") 2005. Saint George Greek Orthodox Church. Arkistoitu 18.8.2007. Viitattu 18.6.2009. (englanniksi)
Richard Demetrius Andrews: Excommunication 2005. Saint George Greek Orthodox Church. Arkistoitu 18.8.2007. Viitattu 18.6.2009. (englanniksi)
Fahlbusch, Erwin & Bromiley, Geoffrey William: ”Excommunication”, The encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001. ISBN 9004116958Teos Google Booksissa (viitattu 16.6.2009). (englanniksi)
John Witte, Martin E. Marty: Law and protestantism, s. 240. Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0521012996Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 24.6.2009). (englanniksi)
Teinonen, Seppo A.: Teologian sanakirja: 7400 termiä. (2. korjattu painos (1. painos 1975)) Helsinki: Kirjapaja, 1999. ISBN 951-625-582-5Teoksen verkkoversio (PDF).
The Sacraments in the Orthodox Church – Penance Las Vegas Orthodox Home Orthodox Library Saint Paul's Orthodox Church Retreat Center. Arkistoitu 6.4.2005. Viitattu 15.6.2009. (englanniksi): "Sacramental penance – i.e., reconciliation to the Church after sins committed after baptism – has had a parallel development in East and West. Originally a public act, required from sinners who either had been olli cially excommunicated or had performed acts liable to excommunication, penance, gradually and especially after the fourth century, took the form of private confession, followed by a prayer of absolution pronounced by a priest."
lutheranworld.org
Embargo against delivery – Report of the General secretary (MEETING OF THE LWF COUNCIL,Jerusalem – Bethlehem) 31 August – 6 September 2005. Luterilainen maailmanliitto. Arkistoitu 14 marraskuu 2011. (englanniksi): "Excommunication is a form of church discipline, which can only be used as the last resort to preserve the integrity of the church, its witness, and the faith of its members. Excommunication pronounced by the church through its leaders, on the basis of a grave and consistent violation of God’s will, does not separate from God’s grace, but it excludes, usually for a certain time, from full participation in the life of the church and its sacraments. Its purpose is to lead the excommunicated person to repentance and renewed faith. Ultimately, therefore, excommunication is an instrument of the gospel within the church."
John Maximovitch: The Word "Anathema" and it's meaningorthodox.net. Viitattu 17.6. 2009. (englanniksi): "While in cases of "separation from the communion of the Church" and other epitimia or penances laid on a person, the person remained a member of the Church, even though his participation in her grace filled life was limited, those given over to anathema were thus completely torn away from her until their repentance."
The Sacraments in the Orthodox Church – Penance Las Vegas Orthodox Home Orthodox Library Saint Paul's Orthodox Church Retreat Center. Arkistoitu 6.4.2005. Viitattu 15.6.2009. (englanniksi): "Sacramental penance – i.e., reconciliation to the Church after sins committed after baptism – has had a parallel development in East and West. Originally a public act, required from sinners who either had been olli cially excommunicated or had performed acts liable to excommunication, penance, gradually and especially after the fourth century, took the form of private confession, followed by a prayer of absolution pronounced by a priest."
Jimmy Akin: Anathema (This Rock, Volume 11, Number 4, April 2000) April 2000. Catholic Answers,. Arkistoitu 13.8.2006. Viitattu 15.6. 2009. (englanniksi)
Embargo against delivery – Report of the General secretary (MEETING OF THE LWF COUNCIL,Jerusalem – Bethlehem) 31 August – 6 September 2005. Luterilainen maailmanliitto. Arkistoitu 14 marraskuu 2011. (englanniksi): "Excommunication is a form of church discipline, which can only be used as the last resort to preserve the integrity of the church, its witness, and the faith of its members. Excommunication pronounced by the church through its leaders, on the basis of a grave and consistent violation of God’s will, does not separate from God’s grace, but it excludes, usually for a certain time, from full participation in the life of the church and its sacraments. Its purpose is to lead the excommunicated person to repentance and renewed faith. Ultimately, therefore, excommunication is an instrument of the gospel within the church."
Richard Demetrius Andrews: Excommunication ("The canons of the Church enumerate hundreds of circumstances (various types of sins) and appropriate penances which can exclude someone from communion.") 2005. Saint George Greek Orthodox Church. Arkistoitu 18.8.2007. Viitattu 18.6.2009. (englanniksi)
Richard Demetrius Andrews: Excommunication 2005. Saint George Greek Orthodox Church. Arkistoitu 18.8.2007. Viitattu 18.6.2009. (englanniksi)
Martti Luther: ”The Ministry of the Keys and Confession”, Luther's Small Catechism. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 15.6.2009). (englanniksi): "A Christian congregation with its called servant of Christ uses the Keys in accordance with Christ's command by forgiving those who repent of their sin and are willing to amend, and by excluding from the congregation those who are plainly impenitent that they may repent. I believe that, when this is done, it is as valid and certain in heaven also, as if Christ, our dear Lord, dealt with us himself."
