Bury, John Bagnell: The Rise and Decline of the Roman Empire: The Golden Age of the Empire from Julius Caesar Until Marcus Aurelius & the Period of the Late Empire From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, s. 556. e-artnow, 2019. Teoksen verkkoversio.
Allies, Thomas William: The Throne of the Fisherman Built by the Carpenter's Son, the Root, the Bond, and the Crown of Christendom, s. 144. (Formation of Christendom, nide 5) Burns & Oates, 1887. Teoksen verkkoversio.
Kulikowski, Michael: The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to the Destruction of Roman Italy, s. 12. Harvard University Press, 2019. ISBN 9780674660137Teoksen verkkoversio.