The Olympic VictorsFrom Ancient Olympia to Athens of 1896. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Viitattu 4.11.2019.
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Hastings, James: A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume IV, Part II (Shimrath - Zuzim), s. 553–556. Määritä julkaisija!ISBN 1410217299Teoksen verkkoversio.
Ramsay, W. M.: The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, s. 108. (Cambridge Library Collection - Travel, Middle East and Asia Minor. Royal Geographical Society Supplementary Papers, nide 4) Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 1108014534Teoksen verkkoversio.
Nesbitt, John W. & Oikonomidès, Nicolas & McGeer, Eric (toim.): Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art: West, Northwest, and Central Asia Minor and the Orient, s. 51. (Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Catalogs, nide 3 / Dumbarton Oaks Collection Series, nide 12) Dumbarton Oaks, 1991. ISBN 0884022501Teoksen verkkoversio.
Stillwell, Richard & MacDonald, William L. & McAllister, Marian Holland (toim.): ”SMYRNA (Izmir) Turkey”, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1976. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
Smith, William: ”Smyrna”, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
Smith, William: ”Ephesus”, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
