Ndembwike, John:Tanzania: The Land and Its People, s. 48–49.Dar es Salaam, Tanzania:New Africa Press, 2006.ISBN0-9802534-4-6Kirjan lyhennetty verkkoversio(pdf)Viitattu 25.6.2014.(englanniksi)
The Planning Commission of Dar es Salaam & Ruvuma Regional Commissioner's Office:Ruvuma Region Socio-economic Profile(pdf)(Sivu 4)1997.The United Republic of Tanzania. Viitattu 25.6.2014.(englanniksi)
The Planning Commission of Dar es Salaam & Ruvuma Regional Commissioner's Office:Ruvuma Region Socio-economic Profile(PDF)(Sivu 6)1997.The United Republic of Tanzania. Viitattu 25.6.2014.(englanniksi)
The Planning Commission of Dar es Salaam & Ruvuma Regional Commissioner's Office:Ruvuma Region Socio-economic Profile(pdf)(Sivut 25–65)1997.The United Republic of Tanzania. Viitattu 25.6.2014.(englanniksi)