(en) Sarah Stroumsa, Freethinkers of medieval Islam : Ibn al-Rawāndī, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī and their impact on Islamic thought, Brill, (ISBN978-90-04-11374-9, lire en ligne), p. 190
(en) MAJID FAKHRY, Al Farabi Founder Of Islamic Neoplatonism, (lire en ligne), p. 135
books.google.com
(en) Nicholas Rescher, Al-Farabi's Short Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, University of Pittsburgh Pre, 1963, p.11, Online Edition.
(en) Antony Black, The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present, Routledge, p. 61, Online Edition
(en) James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Kessinger Publishing, Vol. 10, p. 757, Online Edition
(a) edited by Ted Honderich. (1995). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 269. (ISBN0-19-866132-0)"Of Turki origin, al-Farabi studied under Christian thinkers"
(b) edited and translated by Norman Calder, Jawid Mojaddedi and Andrew Rippin. (2003). Classical Islam a sourcebook of religious literature. New York: Routledge. p. 170. (ISBN0-415-24032-8)"He was of Turkish origin, was born in Turkestan"
(c) Ian Richard Netton. (1999). Al-Fārābī and his school. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. (ISBN0-7007-1064-7)"He appears to have been born into a military family of Turkish origin in the village of Wasil, Farab, in Turkestan"
(d) edited by Henrietta Moore. (1996). The future of anthropological knowledge. London: Routledge. (ISBN0-415-10786-5)"al-Farabi (873-950), a scholar of Turkish origin."
(e) Diané Collinson and Robert Wilkinson. (1994). Thirty-Five Oriental Philosophers.. London: Routledge. (ISBN0-203-02935-6)"Al-Farabi is thought to be of Turkish origin. His family name suggests that he came from the vicinity of Farab in Transoxiana."
(f) Fernand Braudel ; translated by Richard Mayne. (1995). A history of civilizations. New York, N.Y.: Penguin. (ISBN0-14-012489-6)"Al-Farabi, born in 870, was of Turkish origin. He lived in Aleppo and died in 950 in Damascus"
(g) Jaroslav Krejčí ; assisted by Anna Krejčová. (1990). Before the European challenge : the great civilizations of Asia and the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 140. (ISBN0-7914-0168-5)"the Transoxanian Turk al-Farabi (d. circa 950)"
(h) Hamid Naseem. (2001). Muslim philosophy science and mysticism. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 78. (ISBN81-7625-230-1)"Al-Farabi, the first Turkish philosopher"
(i) Clifford Sawhney, The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers, 2005, p. 41
(j)Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Negara utama (Madinatuʾl fadilah) Teori kenegaraan dari sardjana Islam, al Farabi. 1964, p. 19
(k) Haroon Khan Sherwani, Studies in Muslim Political Thought and Administration, 1945, p. 63
(l) Ian Richard Netton, Al-Farabi and His School, 1999, p. 5
ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī, Histoire de la philosophie en Islam, J. Vrin, (lire en ligne), p. 564-565
ghazali.org
(en) W. Montgomery Watt, Muslim intellectual : a study of al-Ghazali, Edinburgh University Press, (lire en ligne), p. 41
google.fr
books.google.fr
ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī, Histoire de la philosophie en Islam, J. Vrin, (lire en ligne), p. 478
ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī, Histoire de la philosophie en Islam, J. Vrin, (lire en ligne), p. 483
openedition.org
books.openedition.org
Hervé Bleuchot, « Chapitre III. L’époque classique des rites », dans Droit musulman : Tome 1, Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, coll. « Droit et religions », (ISBN978-2-8218-5332-4, lire en ligne), p. 125–198, § 109 et 114
Salah Ould Moulaye Ahmed, L'apport scientifique arabe à travers les grandes figures de l'époque classique, UNESCO, coll. « Histoire plurielle », , 274 p. (ISBN92-3-203975-3, lire en ligne), p. 59
