References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Art Kushan" in the French version

academia.edu

"The knights in chain-mail armour have analogies in the Khalchayan reliefs depicting a battle of the Yuezhi against a Saka tribe (probably the Sakaraules). Apart from the chain-mail armour worn by the heavy cavalry of the enemies of the Yuezhi, the other characteristic sign of these warriors is long side-whiskers (...) We think it is possible to identify all these grotesque personages with long side-whiskers as enemies of the Yuezhi and relate them to the Sakaraules (...) Indeed these expressive ﬁgures with side-whiskers differ greatly from the tranquil and majestic faces and poses of the Yuezhi depictions." (en) Abdullaev, « Nomad Migration in Central Asia (in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam) », Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 133,‎ 2007, p. 89 (lire en ligne).

(en) Boris Marshak et Frantz Grenet, « Une peinture kouchane sur toile », Comptes-rendus des Séances de L Année - Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, vol. 150, n^o 2,‎ 2006, p. 947–963 (ISSN 0065-0536, DOI 10.3406/crai.2006.87101, lire en ligne).

(en) Juhyung Rhi, Identifying Several Visual Types of Gandharan Buddha Images. Archives of Asian Art 58 (2008)., 53–56 p. (lire en ligne).

archive.org

(en) Marilyn Stokstad et Michael W. Cothren, Art History (5th Edition) Chapter 10 : Art Of South And Southeast Asia Before 1200, Pearson, 2013, 306–308 (ISBN 978-0-205-87348-7, lire en ligne).

(en) Marilyn Stokstad et Michael W. Cothren, Art History 5th Edition CH 10 Art Of South And Southeast Asia Before 1200, Pearson, 2014, 306–308 (ISBN 978-0-205-87347-0, lire en ligne).

University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre, Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art : Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017, Archaeopress, 2018 (lire en ligne), 45, notes 28, 29.

Annual report 1909-10, ASI, 63–65 (lire en ligne).

(en) James C. Harle, The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, Yale University Press, 1994, 601 p. (ISBN 978-0-300-06217-5, lire en ligne

), 67.

Robert Bracey, Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art. "Is it appropriate to ask a celestial lady's age?", Archaeopress. The Classical Art Research Centre. University of Oxford, 2018, 135–138 (lire en ligne).

Ludwig Bachhofer, Early Indian sculpture vol.2, 1929 (lire en ligne), Notice 97.

Pratapaditya Pal, Indian sculpture, Volume 1, 1986 (lire en ligne), 199.

Early History of Kausambi p.xxi.

Epigraphia Indica 8 p. 179.

Gupta inscriptions using the term "Dinara" for money: No 5-9, 62, 64, in John Faithfull Fleet, Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors, 1960 (lire en ligne).

(en) Los Angeles County Museum of Art et Pratapaditya Pal, Indian Sculpture : Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700, University of California Press, 1986, 288 p. (ISBN 978-0-520-05991-7, lire en ligne), 73.

books.google.com

(en) Frank Lee Holt, Thundering Zeus : The Making of Hellenistic Bactria, University of California Press, 1999, 248 p. (ISBN 978-0-520-92009-5, lire en ligne), p. 136.

(en) William J. Duiker et Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History, Cengage Learning, 2015, 1024 p. (ISBN 978-1-305-53778-1, lire en ligne), p. 279.

(en) Radhakumud Mookerji, The Gupta Empire, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997, 174 p. (ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1, lire en ligne), p. 143.

(en) Balkrishna Govind Gokhale, Ancient India : History and Culture, Popular Prakashan, 1995, 171–173 p. (ISBN 978-81-7154-694-7, lire en ligne).

(en) Tom Lowenstein, The Civilization of Ancient India and Southeast Asia, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2012, 232 p. (ISBN 978-1-4488-8507-7, lire en ligne), p. 53.

(en) Baij Nath Puri, India under the Kushāṇas, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1965 (lire en ligne).

(en) Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura : Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE, Leiden, BRILL, 2007, 199–206 p. (ISBN 978-90-04-15537-4, lire en ligne).

(en) Richard Stoneman, The Greek Experience of India : From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks, Princeton University Press, 2019, 439–440 p. (ISBN 978-0-691-18538-5, lire en ligne).

(en) Richard Stoneman, The Greek Experience of India : From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks, Princeton University Press, 2019, 436–437 p. (ISBN 978-0-691-18538-5, lire en ligne).

"The Buddhist Triad, from Haryana or Mathura, Year 4 of Kaniska (ad 82). Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth." in (en) Asian Civilisations Museum (Singapore) et Gauri Parimoo Krishnan, The Divine Within : Art & Living Culture of India & South Asia, World Scientific Pub, 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-981-05-6705-7, lire en ligne), p. 113.

(en) Kurt A. Behrendt, The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/New Haven (Conn.), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007, 115 p. (ISBN 978-1-58839-224-4, lire en ligne), p. 48, Fig. 18.

(en) Gauranga Nath Banerjee, Hellenism in Ancient India (lire en ligne), p. 96-98.

Art of India by Vincent Arthur Smith p. 98.

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE by Sonya Rhie Quintanilla p. 158.

The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans by John M. Rosenfield p. 9.

(en) T. Richard Blurton, Hindu Art, Harvard University Press, 1993, 239 p. (ISBN 978-0-674-39189-5, lire en ligne), p. 103.

(en) Hugh Honour et John Fleming, A World History of Art, Laurence King Publishing, 2005 (ISBN 978-1-85669-451-3, lire en ligne), p. 244.

(en) Doris Srinivasan, Kalādarśana : American Studies in the Art of India, BRILL, 1981, 128–129 p. (ISBN 978-90-04-06498-0, lire en ligne).

(en) Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education India, 2008, 677 p. (ISBN 978-81-317-1677-9, lire en ligne), p. 439.

(en) John M. Rosenfield, The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, University of California Press, 1967 (lire en ligne), p. 93.

"Naigamesa was a popular deity in the Kushana period and we have at least eight figures of this god from Mathura assignable to c. 1st to 3rd century A.D. (GMM., E. 1, 15.909, 15, 1001, 15. 1046, 15. 1115, 34.2402, 34. 2547, SML., J 626, etc)" in (en) Nilakanth Purushottam Joshi, Mātr̥kās, Mothers in Kuṣāṇa Art, Kanak Publications, 1986 (lire en ligne), p. 41.

(en) Sudipta Sen, Ganges : The Many Pasts of an Indian River, Yale University Press, 2019, 445 p. (ISBN 978-0-300-11916-9, lire en ligne), p. 205.

"Known by the term Dinars in early Gupta inscriptions, their gold coinage was based on the weight standard of the Kushans i.e. 8 gms/120 grains. It was replaced in the time of Skandagupta by a standard of 80 ratis or 144 grains" (en) R. Vanaja, Indian Coinage, National Museum, 1983 (lire en ligne).

(en) Radhakumud Mookerji, The Gupta Empire, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997, 174 p. (ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1, lire en ligne), p. 31.

(en) Radhakumud Mookerji, The Gupta Empire, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997, 174 p. (ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1, lire en ligne), p. 30.

(en) Charles Higham, Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations, Infobase Publishing, 2014, 465 p. (ISBN 978-1-4381-0996-1, lire en ligne), p. 82.

(en) John M. Rosenfield, The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, University of California Press, 1967, 170–173 p. (lire en ligne).

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Boris Marshak et Frantz Grenet, « Une peinture kouchane sur toile », Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, vol. 150, n^o 2,‎ 2006, p. 257 (DOI 10.3406/crai.2006.87101).

Gérard FUSSMAN, « Documents Epigraphiques Kouchans », Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient, vol. 61,‎ 1974, p. 54–57 (ISSN 0336-1519, DOI 10.3406/befeo.1974.5193, JSTOR 43732476).

Close-up image of the inscription of the Kimbell Buddha in Gérard Fussman, « Documents épigraphiques kouchans (V). Buddha et Bodhisattva dans l'art de Mathura : deux Bodhisattvas inscrits de l'an 4 et l'an 8 », Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient, vol. 77,‎ 1988, p. 27, planche 2 (DOI 10.3406/befeo.1988.1739).

Prudence R. Myer, « Bodhisattvas and Buddhas: Early Buddhist Images from Mathurā », Artibus Asiae, vol. 47, n^o 2,‎ 1986, p. 107–142 (ISSN 0004-3648, DOI 10.2307/3249969, JSTOR 3249969).

For English summary, see page 80 Schmid, « Les Vaikuṇṭha gupta de Mathura : Viṣṇu ou Kṛṣṇa? », Arts Asiatiques, vol. 52,‎ 1997, p. 60–88 (DOI 10.3406/arasi.1997.1401).

issn.org

portal.issn.org

Rowland, « Graeco-Bactrian Art and Gandhāra: Khalchayan and the Gandhāra Bodhisattvas », Archives of Asian Art, vol. 25,‎ 1971, p. 29–35 (ISSN 0066-6637, JSTOR 20111029).

Prudence R. Myer, « Bodhisattvas and Buddhas: Early Buddhist Images from Mathurā », Artibus Asiae, vol. 47, n^o 2,‎ 1986, p. 107–142 (ISSN 0004-3648, DOI 10.2307/3249969, JSTOR 3249969).

Pran Gopal Paul et Debjani Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 132–136, for the photograph p.138 (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).

Doris Srinivasan, « Early Vaiṣṇava Imagery: Caturvyūha and Variant Forms », Archives of Asian Art, vol. 32,‎ 1979, p. 39–40 (ISSN 0066-6637, JSTOR 20111096).

Pran Gopal Paul et Debjani Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 136 [26] (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).

Paul et Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 125 (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).

Pran Gopal Paul et Debjani Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 111–143 (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).

Pran Gopal Paul et Debjani Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 128 (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).

jstor.org

Rowland, « Graeco-Bactrian Art and Gandhāra: Khalchayan and the Gandhāra Bodhisattvas », Archives of Asian Art, vol. 25,‎ 1971, p. 29–35 (ISSN 0066-6637, JSTOR 20111029).

Prudence R. Myer, « Bodhisattvas and Buddhas: Early Buddhist Images from Mathurā », Artibus Asiae, vol. 47, n^o 2,‎ 1986, p. 107–142 (ISSN 0004-3648, DOI 10.2307/3249969, JSTOR 3249969).

Doris Srinivasan, « Early Vaiṣṇava Imagery: Caturvyūha and Variant Forms », Archives of Asian Art, vol. 32,‎ 1979, p. 39–40 (ISSN 0066-6637, JSTOR 20111096).

Paul et Paul, « Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations », East and West, vol. 39, n^os 1/4,‎ 1989, p. 125 (ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29756891).