Mohyddin Yahiya, La pensée classique arabe. 3, L'aurore du kalâm, UOC, (lire en ligne), p. 27 sq
bbk.ac.uk
« Let us ask the question : “Where is the ‘substance’ of matter ?” Is it in the atom ? The answer is clearly “no”. The atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Is it then in the protons and neutrons ? Again “no”, because these particles are made of quarks and gluons. Is it in the quark ? We can always hope it is, but my feeling is that these entities will be shown to be composed of “preons”, a word that has already been used in this connection. But we need not go down that road to see that there is no ultimon. A quark and an antiquark can annihilate each other to produce photons (electromagnetic energy) and the photon is hardly what we need to explain the solidity of macroscopic matter such as a table. Thus we see the attempt to attribute the stability of the table to some ultimate “solid” entity is misguided. » Learning as Self-Organisation, ed., K. H. Pribram amd J. King, pp. 569-86, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, (1996)
books.google.com
'Abd al-Rahman Badawi, Histoire de la philosophie en islam: Les philosophes théologiens, Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, (lire en ligne), p. 91
Louis Gardet et M. M. Anawati, Introduction à la théologie musulmane: essai de théologie comparée. Ière partie, chap. I, IV : le triomphe de l'asharisme, J. Vrin, (lire en ligne), p. 62-63
