Hy-Sang Lee, North Korea : A Strange Socialist Fortress, Greenwood Publishing Group, , 249 p. (ISBN978-0-275-96917-2, lire en ligne), p. 220
(en) Martin K. Dimitrov, Why communism did not collapse : understanding authoritarian regime resilience in Asia and Europe, New York, Cambridge University Press, , 375 p. (ISBN978-1-107-03553-9, lire en ligne), p. 104