(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « With the full defeat of Liu Bei in the late summer and early autumn of 222, Sun Quan had obtained all possible benefit from his formal submission to Cao Pi and the empire of Wei, and he wasted very little time in breaking that connection. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « It had never been popular with his officers. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « , and even at the time of his enfeoffment as King of Wu there had been those who argued against accepting such a rank from the usurping Emperor, and who suggested that Sun Quan should take some independent title as Lord of Nine Provinces, claiming hegemony in support of Han. This was, as we have discussed, quite inappropriate and impractical in the circumstances, and the submission to Cao Pi was an essential preparation for dealing with Liu Bei. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « On the other hand, the alliance with the north was always a matter of expediency, and there seems no probability that Sun Quan intended it to last any longer than it needed. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « Sun Quan sent up a letter of apology, saying that his son was too young and delicate in health to be sent away from home, and for the time being Cao Pi did not press the matter. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « At this ultimatum, surely by no means unexpected, in the tenth month, being early November of 222, Sun Quan declared his independence of Wei. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « The Wei forces, however, had evidently gained some surprise, for the defences in that area were weak. A local general, Xu Sheng, organised the preparation of dummy defence walls and turrets along the southern bank of the Yangzi from Jianye downstream to Jiangcheng, and the Wu were also able to concentrate a reasonable fleet to oppose Cao Pi. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « His headquarters were established in the former capital of the commandery, and it was claimed that the army under his command was more than a hundred thousand. »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « This time Sun Quan's forces were ready for the attack, but far more serious from Cao Pi's point of view was the weather. The winter was harsh and early, the Yangzi was partially frozen, and the ships of Cao Pi were blocked by ridges of ice along the shore, with additional danger from small bergs breaking off and floating with the current »
(en) Rafe De Crespigny, « Online Publications », Asian Studies (consulté le ) : « "Alas. It is truly the will of Heaven which divides the south from the north." And he gave the order to withdraw. »
