(en) Gregory G. Guzman, « Were the barbarians a negative or positive factor in ancient and medieval history? », The historian, vol. 50, no 4, , p. 568–570 (sur 558–571) (DOI10.1111/j.1540-6563.1988.tb00759.x, présentation en ligne)
http://www.kushan.org/general/other/part1.htm and Si-Yu-Ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, (Tr. Samuel Beal: Travels of Fa-Hian, The Mission of Sung-Yun and Hwei-S?ng, Books 1–5), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd.
(en) Gregory G. Guzman, « Were the barbarians a negative or positive factor in ancient and medieval history? », The historian, vol. 50, no 4, , p. 568–570 (sur 558–571) (DOI10.1111/j.1540-6563.1988.tb00759.x, présentation en ligne)
