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Cf. Sayaka Maruyama, Kiyoshi Minaguchi et Naruya Saitou, « Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population », Int J Legal Med, vol. 117, no 4, , p. 218–225 (PMID12845447, DOI10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2)
Cf. V Macaulay, C Hill, A. Achilliet al., « Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes », Science, vol. 308, no 5724, , p. 1034–6 (PMID15890885, DOI10.1126/science.1109792): « Haplogroup L3 (the African clade that gave rise to the two basal non-African clades, haplogroups M and N) is 84 000 ans old, and haplogroups M and N themselves are almost identical in age at 63,000 years old, with haplogroup R diverging rapidly within haplogroup N 60,000 years ago. »
Cf. KK Abu-Amero, JM Larruga, VM Cabrera, AM Gonzálezet al., « Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 8, , p. 45 (PMID18269758, PMCID2268671, DOI10.1186/1471-2148-8-45)
Cf. M Kivisild, T Kivisild et E. Metspalu, « Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans », BMC Genetics, vol. 5, , p. 26 (PMID15339343, PMCID516768, DOI10.1186/1471-2156-5-26)
Cf. T. Kivisild, S. Rootsi, M. Metspalu, S. Mastanaet al., « The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste populations », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 72, no 2, , p. 313–32 (PMID12536373, PMCID379225, DOI10.1086/346068)
Patricia Marrero, Khaled K. Abu-Amero, Jose M. Larruga et Vicente M. Cabrera, « Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 16, no 1, , p. 246 (PMID27832758, PMCID5105315, DOI10.1186/s12862-016-0816-8)
Cf. Lluís Quintana-Murciet al., « Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor », Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 74, no 5, , p. 827–45 (PMID15077202, PMCID1181978, DOI10.1086/383236)
Cf. M. van Oven, M. Kayseret al., « Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation », Human Mutation, vol. 30, no 2, , E386–E394 (PMID18853457, DOI10.1002/humu.20921)
Cf. M Metspalu, T Kivisild, E Metspalu, J Pariket al., « Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans », BMC Genetics, vol. 5, , p. 26 (PMID15339343, PMCID516768, DOI10.1186/1471-2156-5-26)
(en) R. Fregel, V. Cabrera, J.M. Larruga, K.K. Abu-Amero et A.M. González, « Carriers of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup N Lineages Reached Australia around 50,000 Years Ago following a Northern Asian Route », PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no 6, , e0129839 (PMID26053380, PMCID4460043, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0129839)
V Dubut, F Cartault, C Payet, MD Thionville, P Murailet al., « Complete mitochondrial sequences for haplogroups M23 and M46: insights into the Asian ancestry of the Malagasy population », Human Biology, vol. 81, no 4, , p. 495–500 (PMID20067372, DOI10.3378/027.081.0407)
Cf. FX Ricaut, H Razafindrazaka, M.P. Coxet al., « A new deep branch of eurasian mtDNA macrohaplogroup M reveals additional complexity regarding the settlement of Madagascar », BMC Genomics, vol. 10, , p. 605 (PMID20003445, PMCID2808327, DOI10.1186/1471-2164-10-605)
Cf. Kumar S Chandrasekar Adimoolam, J Sreenath, BN Sarkar, BP Uradeet al., « Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor », PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no 10, , e7447 (PMID19823670, PMCID2757894, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0007447)
G Hudjashov, T Kivisild, PA Underhillet al., « Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis », Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no 21, , p. 8726–30 (PMID17496137, PMCID1885570, DOI10.1073/pnas.0702928104)
Cf. Ghezziet al., « Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 13, no 6, , p. 748–752 (PMID15827561, DOI10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201425)
Cf. Fuyun Ji, Mark S. Sharpley, Olga Derbenevaet al., « Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans », PNAS, vol. 109, no 19, , p. 7391–7396 (PMID22517755, PMCID3358837, DOI10.1073/pnas.1202484109)
Cf. Kazuo Umetsu, Masashi Tanaka, Isao Yuasaet al., « Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations », Electrophoresis, vol. 26, no 1, , p. 91–98 (PMID15624129, DOI10.1002/elps.200406129)
Cf. Masaru Asari, Kazuo Umetsu, Noboru Adachiet al., « Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population », Legal Medicine, vol. 9, no 5, , p. 237–240 (PMID17467322, DOI10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007)
Cf. H-X Zheng, S Yan, Z-D Qin, Y Wang, J-Z Tanet al., « Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes », PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no 10, , e25835 (PMID21998705, PMCID3188578, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0025835)
Cf. W Kim, T-K Yoo, D-J Shin, H-W Rho, H-J Jinet al., « Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Analysis Reveals no Association between the Common Genetic Lineages and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population », PLoS ONE, vol. 3, no 5, , e2211 (PMID18493608, PMCID2376063, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0002211)
Cf. H-J Jin, C Tyler-Smith et W Kim, « The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers », PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no 1, , e4210 (PMID19148289, PMCID2615218, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0004210)
Cf. Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Tomasz Grzybowskiet al., « Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations », Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 81, no 5, , p. 1025–1041 (PMID17924343, PMCID2265662, DOI10.1086/522933)
Cf. Seung Beom Hong, Ki Cheol Kim et Wook Kim, « Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and homogeneity in the Korean population », Genes & Genomics, vol. 36, no 5, , p. 583–590 (DOI10.1007/s13258-014-0194-9)
(en) Jiao-Yang Tian, Hua-Wei Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Wen Zhang, Yong-Gang Yaoet al., « A Genetic Contribution from the Far East into Ashkenazi Jews via the Ancient Silk Road », Scientific Reports, vol. 5, , numéro de l'article 8377 (PMID25669617, DOI10.1038/srep08377)
Cf. Rajkumaret al., « Phylogeny and antiquity of M macrohaplogroup inferred from complete mt DNA sequence of Indian specific lineages », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 5, , p. 26 (PMID15804362, PMCID1079809, DOI10.1186/1471-2148-5-26)
Cf. Sayaka Maruyama, Kiyoshi Minaguchi et Naruya Saitou, « Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population », Int J Legal Med, vol. 117, no 4, , p. 218–225 (PMID12845447, DOI10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2)
Cf. V Macaulay, C Hill, A. Achilliet al., « Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes », Science, vol. 308, no 5724, , p. 1034–6 (PMID15890885, DOI10.1126/science.1109792): « Haplogroup L3 (the African clade that gave rise to the two basal non-African clades, haplogroups M and N) is 84 000 ans old, and haplogroups M and N themselves are almost identical in age at 63,000 years old, with haplogroup R diverging rapidly within haplogroup N 60,000 years ago. »
Cf. KK Abu-Amero, JM Larruga, VM Cabrera, AM Gonzálezet al., « Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 8, , p. 45 (PMID18269758, PMCID2268671, DOI10.1186/1471-2148-8-45)
Cf. M Kivisild, T Kivisild et E. Metspalu, « Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans », BMC Genetics, vol. 5, , p. 26 (PMID15339343, PMCID516768, DOI10.1186/1471-2156-5-26)
Cf. T. Kivisild, S. Rootsi, M. Metspalu, S. Mastanaet al., « The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste populations », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 72, no 2, , p. 313–32 (PMID12536373, PMCID379225, DOI10.1086/346068)
Patricia Marrero, Khaled K. Abu-Amero, Jose M. Larruga et Vicente M. Cabrera, « Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 16, no 1, , p. 246 (PMID27832758, PMCID5105315, DOI10.1186/s12862-016-0816-8)
Cf. Lluís Quintana-Murciet al., « Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor », Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 74, no 5, , p. 827–45 (PMID15077202, PMCID1181978, DOI10.1086/383236)
Cf. M. van Oven, M. Kayseret al., « Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation », Human Mutation, vol. 30, no 2, , E386–E394 (PMID18853457, DOI10.1002/humu.20921)
Cf. M Metspalu, T Kivisild, E Metspalu, J Pariket al., « Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans », BMC Genetics, vol. 5, , p. 26 (PMID15339343, PMCID516768, DOI10.1186/1471-2156-5-26)
(en) R. Fregel, V. Cabrera, J.M. Larruga, K.K. Abu-Amero et A.M. González, « Carriers of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup N Lineages Reached Australia around 50,000 Years Ago following a Northern Asian Route », PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no 6, , e0129839 (PMID26053380, PMCID4460043, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0129839)
V Dubut, F Cartault, C Payet, MD Thionville, P Murailet al., « Complete mitochondrial sequences for haplogroups M23 and M46: insights into the Asian ancestry of the Malagasy population », Human Biology, vol. 81, no 4, , p. 495–500 (PMID20067372, DOI10.3378/027.081.0407)
Cf. FX Ricaut, H Razafindrazaka, M.P. Coxet al., « A new deep branch of eurasian mtDNA macrohaplogroup M reveals additional complexity regarding the settlement of Madagascar », BMC Genomics, vol. 10, , p. 605 (PMID20003445, PMCID2808327, DOI10.1186/1471-2164-10-605)
Cf. Kumar S Chandrasekar Adimoolam, J Sreenath, BN Sarkar, BP Uradeet al., « Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor », PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no 10, , e7447 (PMID19823670, PMCID2757894, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0007447)
G Hudjashov, T Kivisild, PA Underhillet al., « Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis », Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no 21, , p. 8726–30 (PMID17496137, PMCID1885570, DOI10.1073/pnas.0702928104)
Cf. Ghezziet al., « Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 13, no 6, , p. 748–752 (PMID15827561, DOI10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201425)
Cf. Fuyun Ji, Mark S. Sharpley, Olga Derbenevaet al., « Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans », PNAS, vol. 109, no 19, , p. 7391–7396 (PMID22517755, PMCID3358837, DOI10.1073/pnas.1202484109)
Cf. Kazuo Umetsu, Masashi Tanaka, Isao Yuasaet al., « Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations », Electrophoresis, vol. 26, no 1, , p. 91–98 (PMID15624129, DOI10.1002/elps.200406129)
Cf. Masaru Asari, Kazuo Umetsu, Noboru Adachiet al., « Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population », Legal Medicine, vol. 9, no 5, , p. 237–240 (PMID17467322, DOI10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007)
Cf. H-X Zheng, S Yan, Z-D Qin, Y Wang, J-Z Tanet al., « Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes », PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no 10, , e25835 (PMID21998705, PMCID3188578, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0025835)
Cf. W Kim, T-K Yoo, D-J Shin, H-W Rho, H-J Jinet al., « Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Analysis Reveals no Association between the Common Genetic Lineages and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population », PLoS ONE, vol. 3, no 5, , e2211 (PMID18493608, PMCID2376063, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0002211)
Cf. H-J Jin, C Tyler-Smith et W Kim, « The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers », PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no 1, , e4210 (PMID19148289, PMCID2615218, DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0004210)
Cf. Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Tomasz Grzybowskiet al., « Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations », Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 81, no 5, , p. 1025–1041 (PMID17924343, PMCID2265662, DOI10.1086/522933)
(en) Jiao-Yang Tian, Hua-Wei Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Wen Zhang, Yong-Gang Yaoet al., « A Genetic Contribution from the Far East into Ashkenazi Jews via the Ancient Silk Road », Scientific Reports, vol. 5, , numéro de l'article 8377 (PMID25669617, DOI10.1038/srep08377)
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