(en) Gianluca P. Parolin, Citizenship in the Arab World : Kin, Religion and Nation-State, Amsterdam, Amsterdam university press, , 187 p. (ISBN978-90-8964-045-1, lire en ligne), p. 30 "The ‘arabicised or arabicising Arabs’, on the contrary, are believed to be the descendants of Ishmael through Adnan, but in this case the genealogy does not match the Biblical line exactly. The label ‘arabicised’ is due to the belief that Ishmael spoke Hebrew until he got to Mecca, where he married a Yemeni woman and learnt Arabic. Both genealogical lines go back to Sem, son of Noah, but only Adnanites can claim Abraham as their ascendant, and the lineage of Mohammed, the Seal of Prophets (khatim al-anbiya'), can therefore be traced back to Abraham. Contemporary historiography unveiled the lack of inner coherence of this genealogical system and demonstrated that it finds insufficient matching evidence; the distinction between Qahtanites and Adnanites is even believed to be a product of the Umayyad Age, when the war of factions (al-niza al-hizbi) was raging in the young Islamic Empire."
Reuven Firestone, Journeys in Holy Lands : The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis, , 265 p. (ISBN978-0-7914-0331-0, lire en ligne), p. 72
(en) Göran Larsson, Ibn García's Shuʿūbiyya letter : ethnic and theological tensions in medieval al-Andalus, Leiden, Brill, , 244 p. (ISBN90-04-12740-2, lire en ligne), p. 170
(en) IslamKotob, Tafsir Ibn Kathir all 10 volumes, IslamKotob (lire en ligne)
Muhammad ibn Jarar al-Tabari (trad. Ismail K. Poonawala), The History of al-Tabari Vol. 9 : The Last Years of the Prophet, , 250 p. (ISBN978-0-88706-691-7, lire en ligne), p. 25-28
Ibrahim Abed et Peter Hellyer, United Arab Emirates : A New Perspective, Trident Press, , 81–84 p. (ISBN978-1-900724-47-0, lire en ligne)
