Orly Goldwasser, « How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs », Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington, DC, vol. 36, no 1, mar–apr 2010 (ISSN0098-9444, lire en ligne, consulté le )
(en) James P. Allen, Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge University Press, (ISBN978-1-139-48635-4, lire en ligne)
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Orly Goldwasser, « How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs », Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington, DC, vol. 36, no 1, mar–apr 2010 (ISSN0098-9444, lire en ligne, consulté le )