"The seal impressions, from various tombs, date even further back, to 3400 B.C. These dates challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia." Mitchell, « Earliest Egyptian Glyphs », Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America (consulté le )
(en) William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference, The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference, Eisenbrauns, (ISBN9780931464966, lire en ligne), –24–25
Geoffrey W. Bromiley, The international standard Bible encyclopedia, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, , 1150– (ISBN978-0-8028-3784-4, lire en ligne)
Robert E. Krebs et Carolyn A. Krebs, Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the ancient world, Greenwood Publishing Group, , 91– (ISBN978-0-313-31342-4, lire en ligne)
Bury, J.B., The Cambridge Medieval History volumes 1-5 (lire en ligne), p. 1215
(en) Helen R. Pilcher
“Earliest handwriting found? Chinese relics hint at Neolithic rituals”, Nature (), DOI10.1038/news030428-7
“Symbols carved into tortoise shells more than 8,000 years ago […] unearthed at a mass-burial site at Jiahu in the Henan Province of western China”. Li, X., Harbottle, G., Zhang, J. & Wang, C. “The earliest writing? Sign use in the seventh millennium BC at Jiahu, Henan Province, China”. Antiquity, 77, 31 - 44, (2003).
