(en) Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, Praeger Publishers, (ISBN978-0275968915, lire en ligne), p. 50
(en) Stanford J. Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808, Cambridge University Press, (ISBN978-0521291637, lire en ligne), p. 322