(en) Woody Holton, « "Rebel against Rebel": Enslaved Virginians and the Coming of the American Revolution », The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 105, No. 2 (Spring, 1997), pp. 157-192, , p.169 (lire en ligne)
(en) Sylvia R. Frey, « Between Slavery and Freedom: Virginia Blacks in the American Revolution », The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Aug., 1983), pp. 375-398, , p.378 (lire en ligne)