Ch'ing-shih Wen-t'i, Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i, (lire en ligne), p. 33
Ch'ing-shih Wen-t'i, Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i, (lire en ligne), p. 33.
Pamela Kyle Crossley, A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology, Berkeley, University of California Press, , 75, 200 (ISBN978-0-520-92884-8, lire en ligne).
Mark C. Elliott, The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China, Stanford University Press, , 50– (ISBN978-0-8047-4684-7, lire en ligne).
Frederic E. Wakeman, The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, University of California Press, , 47– (ISBN978-0-520-04804-1, lire en ligne).
Roy A. Grossnick, Early Manchu Recruitment of Chinese Scholar-officials, University of Wisconsin—Madison, (lire en ligne), p. 10.
Barry Till, The Manchu era (1644–1912): arts of China's last imperial dynasty, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, (lire en ligne), p. 5.
Roy A. Grossnick, Early Manchu Recruitment of Chinese Scholar-officials, University of Wisconsin--Madison, (lire en ligne), p. 10.
Barry Till, The Manchu era (1644-1912): arts of China's last imperial dynasty, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, (ISBN9780888852168, lire en ligne), p. 5.
The Augustan, Volumes 17-20, Augustan Society, (lire en ligne), p. 34.
Sun Joo Kim, The Northern Region of Korea: History, Identity, and Culture, University of Washington Press, (ISBN978-0295802176, lire en ligne), p. 19.
Richard J. Smith, The Qing Dynasty and Traditional Chinese Culture, Rowman & Littlefield, (ISBN978-1442221949, lire en ligne), p. 216.