(en) F. Lampiao, « Coitus Interruptus : Are there spermatozoa in the pre-ejaculate? », International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, vol. 3, no 1, janvier–avril 2014 (DOI10.14194/ijmbr.3.1.1, S2CID37810251, lire en ligne).
(en) Josep Lluís Mateo Dieste (trad. Martin Beagles), chap. 2 « Purity and Impurity : What Enters and Leaves the Body », dans Health and Ritual in Morocco : Conceptions of the Body and Healing Practices, Leyde et Boston, Brill, coll. « Social, Economic, and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia (SEPSMEA) » (no 109), , 366 p. (ISBN978-90-04-23286-0, DOI10.1163/9789004234482_004), p. 73 [lire en ligne].
(en) Richard E. Beil et Robert G. Hart, « Cowper's Gland Secretion in Rat Semen Coagulation : II. Identification of the Potentiating Factor Secreted by the Coagulating Glands », Biology of Reproduction(en), vol. 8, no 5, , p. 613–617 (PMID4713168, DOI10.1093/biolreprod/8.5.613).
(en) F. Lampiao, « Coitus Interruptus : Are there spermatozoa in the pre-ejaculate? », International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, vol. 3, no 1, janvier–avril 2014 (DOI10.14194/ijmbr.3.1.1, S2CID37810251, lire en ligne).
(en) Zvi Zukerman, David B. Weiss et Raoul Orvieto, « Does Preejaculatory Penile Secretion Originating from Cowper's Gland Contain Sperm? », Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 20, no 4, , p. 157–159 (PMID12762415, PMCIDPMC3455634, DOI10.1023/A:1022933320700).
(en) Gerard Ilaria, Jonathan L. Jacobs, Bruce Polsky, Brian Koll, Penny Baron, Clarinda Maclow, Donald Armstrong et Peter N. Schlegel, « Detection of HIV-1 DNA sequences in pre-ejaculatory fluid », The Lancet, vol. 340, no 8833, , p. 1469 (PMID1360583, DOI10.1016/0140-6736(92)92658-3).
(en) Stephen R. Killick, Christine Leary, James Trussell et Katherine A. Guthrie, « Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid », Human Fertility, vol. 14, no 1, , p. 48–52 (PMID21155689, PMCIDPMC3564677, DOI10.3109/14647273.2010.520798).
(en) Jasmine Patel, Anita L. Nelson et Brian Trung Nguyen, « Is There Sperm in Pre-ejaculate? : How to Study Pre-ejaculate to Determine Contraceptive Efficacy for Withdrawal [23I] » (Saturday, April 25, 2020: 11:30 AM–12:30 PM: Contraception/Family Planning), Obstetrics & Gynecology, no 135 « Abstracts of Papers and Posters Accepted for Presentation at the 68th Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists », , p. 97S–98S (DOI10.1097/01.AOG.0000664180.55208.d7).
(en) Jeffrey Pudney, Monica Oneta, Kenneth Mayer, George 3rd Seage et Deborah Anderson, « Pre-ejaculatory fluid as potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV-1 », The Lancet, vol. 340, no 8833, , p. 1470 (PMID1360584, DOI10.1016/0140-6736(92)92659-4, S2CID7106584).
(en) Josep Lluís Mateo Dieste (trad. Martin Beagles), chap. 2 « Purity and Impurity : What Enters and Leaves the Body », dans Health and Ritual in Morocco : Conceptions of the Body and Healing Practices, Leyde et Boston, Brill, coll. « Social, Economic, and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia (SEPSMEA) » (no 109), , 366 p. (ISBN978-90-04-23286-0, DOI10.1163/9789004234482_004), p. 73 [lire en ligne].
(en) Richard E. Beil et Robert G. Hart, « Cowper's Gland Secretion in Rat Semen Coagulation : II. Identification of the Potentiating Factor Secreted by the Coagulating Glands », Biology of Reproduction(en), vol. 8, no 5, , p. 613–617 (PMID4713168, DOI10.1093/biolreprod/8.5.613).
(en) E. Vazquez, « Is it safe to suck? », Positively Aware, vol. 8, no 4, , p. 15 (PMID11364482).
(en) « Researchers find no sperm in pre-ejaculate fluid », Contraceptive Technology Update, vol. 14, no 10, , p. 154–156 (PMID12286905).
(en) Zvi Zukerman, David B. Weiss et Raoul Orvieto, « Does Preejaculatory Penile Secretion Originating from Cowper's Gland Contain Sperm? », Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol. 20, no 4, , p. 157–159 (PMID12762415, PMCIDPMC3455634, DOI10.1023/A:1022933320700).
(en) Gerard Ilaria, Jonathan L. Jacobs, Bruce Polsky, Brian Koll, Penny Baron, Clarinda Maclow, Donald Armstrong et Peter N. Schlegel, « Detection of HIV-1 DNA sequences in pre-ejaculatory fluid », The Lancet, vol. 340, no 8833, , p. 1469 (PMID1360583, DOI10.1016/0140-6736(92)92658-3).
(en) Stephen R. Killick, Christine Leary, James Trussell et Katherine A. Guthrie, « Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid », Human Fertility, vol. 14, no 1, , p. 48–52 (PMID21155689, PMCIDPMC3564677, DOI10.3109/14647273.2010.520798).
(en) Ekachai Kovavisarach, Suppasak Lorthanawanich et Pairat Muangsamran, « Presence of Sperm in Pre-Ejaculatory Fluid of Healthy Males », Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, no 99 supplément 2, , S38–41 (PMID27266214, lire en ligne).
(en) Jeffrey Pudney, Monica Oneta, Kenneth Mayer, George 3rd Seage et Deborah Anderson, « Pre-ejaculatory fluid as potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV-1 », The Lancet, vol. 340, no 8833, , p. 1470 (PMID1360584, DOI10.1016/0140-6736(92)92659-4, S2CID7106584).
(en) F. Lampiao, « Coitus Interruptus : Are there spermatozoa in the pre-ejaculate? », International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, vol. 3, no 1, janvier–avril 2014 (DOI10.14194/ijmbr.3.1.1, S2CID37810251, lire en ligne).
(en) Jeffrey Pudney, Monica Oneta, Kenneth Mayer, George 3rd Seage et Deborah Anderson, « Pre-ejaculatory fluid as potential vector for sexual transmission of HIV-1 », The Lancet, vol. 340, no 8833, , p. 1470 (PMID1360584, DOI10.1016/0140-6736(92)92659-4, S2CID7106584).
thaiscience.info
(en) Ekachai Kovavisarach, Suppasak Lorthanawanich et Pairat Muangsamran, « Presence of Sperm in Pre-Ejaculatory Fluid of Healthy Males », Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, no 99 supplément 2, , S38–41 (PMID27266214, lire en ligne).
(en) Richard E. Beil et Robert G. Hart, « Cowper's Gland Secretion in Rat Semen Coagulation : II. Identification of the Potentiating Factor Secreted by the Coagulating Glands », Biology of Reproduction(en), vol. 8, no 5, , p. 613–617 (PMID4713168, DOI10.1093/biolreprod/8.5.613).