(en) W. Elliot Bulmer, Constitutional Monarchs in Parliamentary Democracies, Strömsborg, Stockholm, Sweden, International IDEA, Institute of Democracy and Electoral Assistance, second edition, 2017, 23 p. (ISBN9789176711125, lire en ligne), "A constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy is a hereditary symbolic head of state (who may be an emperor, king or queen, prince or duke) who mainly performs a representative and civic role but does not exercice executive or policymaking power." (p. 3)
