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(en) Christopher P. Barlett, Richard J. Harris et Callie Bruey, « The effect of the amount of blood in a violent video game on aggression, hostility, and arousal », Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 44, no 3, , p. 539–546 (DOI10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.003, lire en ligne, consulté le )
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(en) John Shelton Lawrence et Robert Jewett, The Myth of the American Superhero, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, , 416 p. (ISBN978-0-8028-4911-3, lire en ligne), p. 202