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Renuka Pechetti, Seth Anil, Michele Cappellari, Richard McDermid, Mark den Brok, Steffen Mieske et Jay Strader, « Detection of Enhanced Central Mass-to-light Ratios in Low-mass Early-type Galaxies: Evidence for Black Holes? », The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 850#1, , p. 16 pages (DOI10.3847/1538-4357/aa9021, Bibcode2017ApJ...850...15P, lire en ligne)
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Abraham Mahtessian, « Groups of galaxies. III. Some empirical characteristics », Astrophysics, vol. 41 #3, , p. 308-321 (DOI10.1007/BF03036100, lire en ligne, consulté le )