John Faithfull Fleet, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. 3, (lire en ligne), 8
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Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education India, (ISBN978-81-317-1120-0, lire en ligne), p. 327
Karel Werner, Symbols in Art and Religion: The Indian and the Comparative Perspectives, Routledge, , 95–96 p. (ISBN0-7007-0215-6, lire en ligne)
Bhandarkar, D. R. et Chhabra, B. C., Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the early Gupta Kings, Archaeological Survey of India, (lire en ligne)
Ganguly, Dilip Kumar, The Imperial Guptas and Their Times, Abhinav Publications, , 63–64 p. (ISBN8170172225, lire en ligne)
Cette expression fait manifestement référence aux derniers souverains de l'empire kushan, à l'époque de la guerre de Sécession. (en) Ahmad Hasan Dani et Boris Abramovich Litvinovskiĭ, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., (ISBN9788120815407, lire en ligne), p. 165
Catherine B. Asher, The New Cambridge History of India: Architecture of Mughal India, Part 1, Volume 4, Cambridge University Press, (ISBN0521267285, lire en ligne), p. 102
John Irwin, « The ancient pillar-cult at Prayāga (Allahabad): its pre-Aśokan origins », The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, no 2, , p. 253–280 (JSTOR25211537)
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Yailenko,Les maximes delphiques d'Aï Khanoum et la formation de la doctrine du dhamma d'Asoka, 1990, pp.239-256.
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(en) Kanwarjit Singh Kang, « He deciphered India's past », The Tribune India, (lire en ligne, consulté le )