Horedt 2005. (en) Georg P. Horedt, Polytropes: Applications in Astrophysics and Related Fields, vol.306, Springer Science & Business Media, coll.«Astrophysics and Space Science Library», , 724p. (ISBN9781402023514, lire en ligne).
(en) Donald D. Clayton, Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, New York, McGraw-Hill, , 612p. (ISBN978-0-070-11295-7, OCLC299102), section 2.4.