Hiroshi Komatsu, Reframing Japanese Cinema, Indiana University Press, (ISBN0-253-20723-1, lire en ligne), « Some Characteristics of Japanese Cinema before World War I », p. 234–236
Keiko I. McDonald, Japanese classical theater in films, Rutherford, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, , 355 p. (ISBN978-0-8386-3502-5, lire en ligne), p. 39