(en) Janet R. Goodwin, Selling Songs and Smiles : The Sex Trade in Heian and Kamakura Japan, University of Hawaii Press, , 224 p. (ISBN978-0-8248-3097-7, lire en ligne), p. 105
(en) Janet R. Goodwin, The eyes of power : Art and early Tokugawa authority, University of Hawaii Press, , 232 p. (ISBN978-0-8248-2178-4, lire en ligne), p. 26