(en) Patricia Ann Berger, Empire of Emptiness : Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, , 266 p. (ISBN978-0-8248-2563-8, LCCN2002009067, lire en ligne), p. 145–146
(en) Oliver R. Coales, The History of Tibet, Londres, Routledge, , 1re éd., 737 p. (ISBN978-0-415-30844-1, LCCN2002031773), « Narrative of a journey from Tachienlu to Ch'amdo and back via Batang », p. 223
(en) Patricia Ann Berger, Empire of Emptiness : Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, , 266 p. (ISBN978-0-8248-2563-8, LCCN2002009067, lire en ligne), p. 145–146