(en) Nirmala Purushotam, Negotiating Multiculturalism: Disciplining Difference in Singapore, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, (ISBN978-3-11-015680-5, OCLC43561523, lire en ligne), Race-ing language: the institutionalisation of ‘Chinese’, ‘Malay’, and ‘Indian’ in Singapore, chap. 2 (« Language in the Life World of Singapore's immigrant communities (1819-1945) »), p. 37.
V. S. Rajam, « The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil », Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 105, no 2, , p. 277–291 (DOI10.2307/601707, JSTOR601707) at pp. 284–285.
(en) « Porunai civilisation is 3,200 years old, says M.K. Stalin », The Hindu, (ISSN0971-751X, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
(en) Harold F. Schiffman, « Language Shift in the Tamil Communities of Malaysia and Singapore: the Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy. », Southwest Journal of Linguistics, Garland Bills, vol. 14, , p. 151-165 (ISSN0737-4143, OCLC9368210, lire en ligne).
jstor.org
V. S. Rajam, « The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil », Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 105, no 2, , p. 277–291 (DOI10.2307/601707, JSTOR601707) at pp. 284–285.
(en) « Porunai civilisation is 3,200 years old, says M.K. Stalin », The Hindu, (ISSN0971-751X, lire en ligne, consulté le ).
upenn.edu
ccat.sas.upenn.edu
(en) Harold F. Schiffman, « Language Shift in the Tamil Communities of Malaysia and Singapore: the Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy. », Southwest Journal of Linguistics, Garland Bills, vol. 14, , p. 151-165 (ISSN0737-4143, OCLC9368210, lire en ligne).
Appasamy Murugaiyan, Langues de l'Inde en diasporas : Maintiens et transmissions, Paris, SCITEP éditions, , 446 p. (ISBN979-10-93143-32-3, OCLC1155045817), « La diaspora tamoule : un continuum linguistique tamoul des Indes méridionales aux Antilles », p. 62-64.
(en) Nirmala Purushotam, Negotiating Multiculturalism: Disciplining Difference in Singapore, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, (ISBN978-3-11-015680-5, OCLC43561523, lire en ligne), Race-ing language: the institutionalisation of ‘Chinese’, ‘Malay’, and ‘Indian’ in Singapore, chap. 2 (« Language in the Life World of Singapore's immigrant communities (1819-1945) »), p. 37.
(en) Sumathi Ramaswamy, Passions of the tongue: language devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970, Berkeley, University of California Press, coll. « Studies on the history of society and culture », (ISBN978-0-520-20804-9 et 978-0-520-20805-6, OCLC845332760), Laboring for Language, « Cleansing Tamil: Language and Purity », p. 144-153.
(en) Harold F. Schiffman, « Language Shift in the Tamil Communities of Malaysia and Singapore: the Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy. », Southwest Journal of Linguistics, Garland Bills, vol. 14, , p. 151-165 (ISSN0737-4143, OCLC9368210, lire en ligne).