most residents were brought to the towns from temporary immigration camps (‘ma’abarot’) or directly from Israel’s ports, Oren Yiftachel et Erez Tzfadian, « Between Periphery and ‘Third Space’:Identity of Mizrahim in Israel’s Development Towns », 2004, lire en ligne : [2]
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« The economic profile of all the towns relied on heavy and traditional industries, cheap labor, and constant job instability », Erez Tzfadia, Oren Yiftachel Between urban and national: Political mobilization among Mizrahim in Israel’s development towns, Cities, Vol. XX, No. XX, p. 1-15, 2003 [7]
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« This competitive drive was intensified by a sense of relative deprivation among the Mizrahim, in light of the benefits bestowed upon the Russians, such as housing assistance (in new neighborhoods), tax breaks and help in finding jobs, and a feeling that Israeli society is more indulgent toward Russian culture than it ever was toward Mizrahim immigrants in the 1950s. The Mizrahim also note that the housing benefits for the Russians are in excess of what they, the veterans, receive at present.», Erez Tzfadia, Oren Yiftachel, Between urban and national: Political mobilization among Mizrahim in Israel’s development towns, Cities, Vol. XX, No. XX, p. 1-15, 2003 [19]
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