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Lotan, T; Hirschberg, J (8 de maio de 1995). "Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding beta-C-4-oxygenase, that converts beta-carotene to the ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis". FEBS Letters364 (2): 125–8. PMID7750556. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00368-J.
Scaife, M.A.; Burja, A.M.; Wright, P.C. (1 de agosto de 2009). "Characterization of cyanobacterial beta-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase genes in Escherichia coli, and their application for astaxanthin biosynthesis". Biotechnology and Bioengineering103 (5): 944–55. PMID19365869. doi:10.1002/bit.22330.
Fraser, P.D.; Miura, Y.; Misawa, N. (7 de marzo de 1997). "In vitro characterization of astaxanthin biosynthetic enzymes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry272 (10): 6128–35. PMID9045623. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128.