Número pi (Galician Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Número pi" in Galician language version.

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21doi.org

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1independent.co.uk

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1thenewstack.io

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1cloud.google.com

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1plouffe.fr

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17centurymaths.com (Global: low place; Galician: low place)

Euler, Leonhard (1727). "Tentamen explicationis phaenomenorum aeris" (PDF). Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana (en latín) 2. p. 351. E007. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 1 de abril de 2016. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024. Sumatur pro ratione radii ad peripheriem, $I : π$ English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 10 de xuño de 2016 en Wayback Machine.: " $π$ tómase para a relación entre o raio e a periferia [nótese que neste traballo, o $π$ de Euler é o dobre de noso $π$ .]»
Euler, Leonhard (1736). "Ch. 3 Prop. 34 Cor. 1". Mechanica sive motus scientia analytice exposita. (cum tabulis) (en latín) 1. Academiae scientiarum Petropoli. p. 113. E015. Denotet $1 : π$ rationem diametri ad peripheriam English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 2016-06-10 en Wayback Machine. :«Sexa $1 : π$ } a relación entre o diámetro e a circunferencia»

americanscientist.org (Global: 7,231^st place; Galician: 4,992^nd place)

Hayes, Brian (setembro de 2014). "Pencil, Paper, and Pi". American Scientist 102 (5): 342. doi:10.1511/2014.110.342. Consultado o 19 de agosto d0 2023.

ams.org (Global: 451^st place; Galician: 887^th place)

Mollin, R. A. (1999). "Continued fraction gems". Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde 17 (3). pp. 383–405. MR 1743850.
Borwein, Jonathan M. (2014). "The life of π: from Archimedes to ENIAC and beyond". En Sidoli, Nathan; Van Brummelen, Glen. From Alexandria, through Baghdad: Surveys and studies in the ancient Greek and medieval Islamic mathematical sciences in honor of J. L. Berggren. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 531–561. MR 3203895. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36736-6_24.
Gibbons, Jeremy (2006). "Unbounded spigot algorithms for the digits of pi" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly 113 (4). pp. 318–328. JSTOR 27641917. MR 2211758. doi:10.2307/27641917.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Galician: 8^th place)

Jones, William (1706). Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos. Londres: J. Wale. pp. 243, 263. Hai outras formas de achar as lonxitudes ou áreas de determinadas liñas curvas ou planas, que poden facilitar moito a práctica; por exemplo, no círculo, o diámetro é á circunferencia como 1 a:
${\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5}}-{\tfrac {4}{239}}}}-{\tfrac {1}{3}}{\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5^{3}}}-{\tfrac {4}{239^{3}}}}}+{\tfrac {1}{5}}{\overline {{\tfrac {16}{5^{5}}}-{\tfrac {4}{239^{5}}}}}-,\,\&c.=$
$3.14159, & c. = π$ . Esta serie (entre outras para o mesmo propósito, son extraídas do mesmo principio) recibina do excelente analista, e o meu moi estimado amigo Mr. John Machin; e por medio dela, o número de Van Ceulen, o Art. 64.38. pode ser examinado con toda a facilidade e rapidez desexables. Carácter salto de liña en |cita= na posición 213 (Axuda)
Publicado en Smith, David Eugene (1929). "William Jones: The First Use of π for the Circle Ratio". A Source Book in Mathematics. McGraw–Hill. pp. 346–347.
Sandifer, Ed (2009). "Estimating π" (PDF). How Euler Did It. Reprinted in How Euler Did Even More. Mathematical Association of America. 2014. pp. 109–118.
Euler, Leonhard (1755). "§2.2.30". Institutiones Calculi Differentialis (en latín). Academiae Imperialis Scientiarium Petropolitanae. p. 318. E 212.

Euler, Leonhard (1798) [escrito en 1779]. "Investigatio quarundam serierum, quae ad rationem peripheriae circuli ad diametrum vero proxime definiendam maxime sunt accommodatae". Nova acta academiae scientiarum Petropolitinae 11. pp. 133–149, 167–168. E 705.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2004). "88.38 Some Observations on the Method of Arctangents for the Calculation of π". Mathematical Gazette 88 (512). pp. 270–278. doi:10.1017/S0025557200175060.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2005). "89.67 An elementary derivation of Euler's series for the arctangent function". Mathematical Gazette 89 (516). pp. 469–470. doi:10.1017/S0025557200178404.
Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly 96 (8). pp. 681–687. JSTOR 2324715. doi:10.2307/2324715. hdl:1959.13/1043679.
Wells, David (1997). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers (revised ed.). Penguin. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-14-026149-3.
Lindemann, F. (1882). "Über die Ludolph'sche Zahl". Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 2. pp. 679–682.
Vexa, por exemplo, Oughtred, William (1648). Clavis Mathematicæ [The key to mathematics] (en latín). London: Thomas Harper. p. 69. (English translation: Oughtred, William (1694). Key of the Mathematics (en inglés). J. Salusbury. )
Barrow, Isaac (1860). "Lecture XXIV". En Whewell, William. The mathematical works of Isaac Barrow (en latín). Harvard University. Cambridge University press. p. 381.
Gregorius, David (1695). "Ad Reverendum Virum D. Henricum Aldrich S.T.T. Decanum Aedis Christi Oxoniae" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions (en latín) 19 (231). pp. 637–652. Bibcode:1695RSPT...19..637G. JSTOR 102382. doi:10.1098/rstl.1695.0114.

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; Galician: 255^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783) (1922). Leonhardi Euleri opera omnia. 1, Opera mathematica. Volumen VIII, Leonhardi Euleri introductio in analysin infinitorum. Tomus primus / ediderunt Adolf Krazer et Ferdinand Rudio (en latín). Lipsae: B.G. Teubneri. pp. 133–134. E101. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 16 October 2017. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Galician: 12^th place)

Howard Whitley Eves (1969). Holt, Rinehart & Winston, ed. An Introduction to the History of Mathematics.
Herz-Fischler, Roger (2000). The Shape of the Great Pyramid. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 67–77, 165–166. ISBN 978-0-88920-324-2. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 29 de novembro de 2016. Consultado o 22 de febreiro do 2023.
Plofker, Kim (2009). Mathematics in India. Princeton University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0691120676.
Joseph, George Gheverghese (1991). The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics. Princeton University Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-691-13526-7.
Vieta, Franciscus (1593). Variorum de rebus mathematicis responsorum VIII.
Oughtred, William (1652). Theorematum in libris Archimedis de sphaera et cylindro declarario (en latín). Excudebat L. Lichfield, Veneunt apud T. Robinson. $δ . π$ :: semidiámetro. semiperiferia
Cajori, Florian (2007). A History of Mathematical Notations: Vol. II (en inglés). Cosimo, Inc. pp. 8–13. ISBN 978-1-60206-714-1. a relación entre a lonxitude dun círculo e o seu diámetro representábase en forma fraccionaria mediante o uso de dúas letras ... J.A. Segner ... en 1767, representou $3.14159...$ por $δ : π$ , do mesmo xeito que Oughtred máis dun século antes
Smith, David E. (1958). History of Mathematics (en inglés). Courier Corporation. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-486-20430-7.
Vexa, por exemplo, Oughtred, William (1648). Clavis Mathematicæ [The key to mathematics] (en latín). London: Thomas Harper. p. 69. (English translation: Oughtred, William (1694). Key of the Mathematics (en inglés). J. Salusbury. )
Segner, Joannes Andreas (1756). Cursus Mathematicus (en latín). Halae Magdeburgicae. p. 282. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 15 de outubro de 2017. Consultado o 15 October 2017.
Euler, Leonhard (1747). Henry, Charles, ed. Lettres inédites d'Euler à d'Alembert. Bullettino di Bibliografia e di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche (en francés) 19 (publicado o 1886). p. 139. E858. Car, soit π la circonference d'un cercle, dout le rayon est $= 1$ Tradución ao inglés en Cajori, Florian (1913). "History of the Exponential and Logarithmic Concepts". The American Mathematical Monthly 20 (3). pp. 75–84. JSTOR 2973441. doi:10.2307/2973441. Sendo $π$ a circunferencia (!) dun círculo de raio unitario
Euler, Leonhard (1736). "Ch. 3 Prop. 34 Cor. 1". Mechanica sive motus scientia analytice exposita. (cum tabulis) (en latín) 1. Academiae scientiarum Petropoli. p. 113. E015. Denotet $1 : π$ rationem diametri ad peripheriam English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 2016-06-10 en Wayback Machine. :«Sexa $1 : π$ } a relación entre o diámetro e a circunferencia»
Segner, Johann Andreas von (1761). Cursus Mathematicus: Elementorum Analyseos Infinitorum Elementorum Analyseos Infinitorvm (en latín). Renger. p. 374. Si autem $π$ notet peripheriam circuli, cuius diameter eſt $2$
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (2016). "15.2 Computational records". Pi: The Next Generation, A Sourcebook on the Recent History of Pi and Its Computation. Springer International Publishing. p. 469. ISBN 978-3-319-32375-6. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32377-0.

cloud.google.com (Global: 9,964^th place; Galician: low place)

Haruka Iwao, Emma (14 March 2019). "Pi in the sky: Calculating a record-breaking 31.4 trillion digits of Archimedes' constant on Google Cloud". Google Cloud Platform. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 19 de outubro de 2019. Consultado o 22 de abril do 2025.

comune.palermo.it (Global: low place; Galician: 7,937^th place)

librarsi.comune.palermo.it

Grienbergerus, Christophorus (1630). Elementa Trigonometrica (PDF) (en latín). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 1 de febreiro de 2014. His evaluation was 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4196 < π < 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4199.

dbnl.org (Global: 2,252^nd place; Galician: 9,583^rd place)

Yoder, Joella G. (1996). "Following in the footsteps of geometry: The mathematical world of Christiaan Huygens". De Zeventiende Eeuw 12: 83–93 – vía Digital Library for Dutch Literature.

diainternacionalde.com (Global: low place; Galician: 558^th place)

"Día del Número Pi" (en castelán). Consultado o 24.11.2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Galician: 7^th place)

dx.doi.org

Borwein, Jonathan M. (2014). "The life of π: from Archimedes to ENIAC and beyond". En Sidoli, Nathan; Van Brummelen, Glen. From Alexandria, through Baghdad: Surveys and studies in the ancient Greek and medieval Islamic mathematical sciences in honor of J. L. Berggren. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 531–561. MR 3203895. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36736-6_24.
Azarian, Mohammad K. (2010). "al-Risāla al-muhītīyya: A Summary". Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences 22 (2). pp. 64–85. doi:10.35834/mjms/1312233136.
Brezinski, C. (2009). "Some pioneers of extrapolation methods". En Bultheel, Adhemar; Cools, Ronald. The Birth of Numerical Analysis. World Scientific. pp. 1–22. ISBN 978-981-283-625-0. doi:10.1142/9789812836267_0001.
Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for π by Leibniz, Gregory and Nilakantha" (PDF). Mathematics Magazine 63 (5). pp. 291–306. doi:10.1080/0025570X.1990.11977541. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Tweddle, Ian (1991). "John Machin and Robert Simson on Inverse-tangent Series for π". Archive for History of Exact Sciences 42 (1). pp. 1–14. JSTOR 41133896. doi:10.1007/BF00384331.
Lehmer, D. H. (1938). "On Arccotangent Relations for π" (PDF). American Mathematical Monthly 45 (10). pp. 657–664 Published by: Mathematical Association of America. JSTOR 2302434. doi:10.1080/00029890.1938.11990873. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Sandifer, Ed (2009). "Estimating π" (PDF). How Euler Did It. Reprinted in How Euler Did Even More. Mathematical Association of America. 2014. pp. 109–118.
Euler, Leonhard (1755). "§2.2.30". Institutiones Calculi Differentialis (en latín). Academiae Imperialis Scientiarium Petropolitanae. p. 318. E 212.

Euler, Leonhard (1798) [escrito en 1779]. "Investigatio quarundam serierum, quae ad rationem peripheriae circuli ad diametrum vero proxime definiendam maxime sunt accommodatae". Nova acta academiae scientiarum Petropolitinae 11. pp. 133–149, 167–168. E 705.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2004). "88.38 Some Observations on the Method of Arctangents for the Calculation of π". Mathematical Gazette 88 (512). pp. 270–278. doi:10.1017/S0025557200175060.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2005). "89.67 An elementary derivation of Euler's series for the arctangent function". Mathematical Gazette 89 (516). pp. 469–470. doi:10.1017/S0025557200178404.
Hayes, Brian (setembro de 2014). "Pencil, Paper, and Pi". American Scientist 102 (5): 342. doi:10.1511/2014.110.342. Consultado o 19 de agosto d0 2023.
Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B. (1988). "Ramanujan and Pi". Scientific American 256 (2). pp. 112–117. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258b.112B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0288-112.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, pp. 15–17, 70–72, 104, 156, 192–197, 201–202
Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly 96 (8). pp. 681–687. JSTOR 2324715. doi:10.2307/2324715. hdl:1959.13/1043679.
Archibald, R.C. (1921). "Historical Notes on the Relation $e -(π /2) = i i$ ". The American Mathematical Monthly 28 (3). pp. 116–121. JSTOR 2972388. doi:10.2307/2972388. Cabe destacar que estas letras "nunca" se utilizan por separado, é dicir, π non se utiliza para "Semiperiferia".
Gregorius, David (1695). "Ad Reverendum Virum D. Henricum Aldrich S.T.T. Decanum Aedis Christi Oxoniae" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions (en latín) 19 (231). pp. 637–652. Bibcode:1695RSPT...19..637G. JSTOR 102382. doi:10.1098/rstl.1695.0114.
Euler, Leonhard (1747). Henry, Charles, ed. Lettres inédites d'Euler à d'Alembert. Bullettino di Bibliografia e di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche (en francés) 19 (publicado o 1886). p. 139. E858. Car, soit π la circonference d'un cercle, dout le rayon est $= 1$ Tradución ao inglés en Cajori, Florian (1913). "History of the Exponential and Logarithmic Concepts". The American Mathematical Monthly 20 (3). pp. 75–84. JSTOR 2973441. doi:10.2307/2973441. Sendo $π$ a circunferencia (!) dun círculo de raio unitario
Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation 4 (29). pp. 11–15. JSTOR 2002695. doi:10.2307/2002695.
Nicholson, J. C.; Jeenel, J. (1955). "Some comments on a NORC Computation of π". Math. Tabl. Aids. Comp. 9 (52): 162–164. JSTOR 2002052. doi:10.2307/2002052.
Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Jonathan M. (2016). "15.2 Computational records". Pi: The Next Generation, A Sourcebook on the Recent History of Pi and Its Computation. Springer International Publishing. p. 469. ISBN 978-3-319-32375-6. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32377-0.
Ramaley, J. F. (outubro de 1969). "Buffon's Needle Problem". The American Mathematical Monthly 76 (8). pp. 916–918. JSTOR 2317945. doi:10.2307/2317945.
Grünbaum, B. (1960). "Projection Constants". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 95 (3). pp. 451–465. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1960-0114110-9.
Gibbons, Jeremy (2006). "Unbounded spigot algorithms for the digits of pi" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly 113 (4). pp. 318–328. JSTOR 27641917. MR 2211758. doi:10.2307/27641917.
Rabinowitz, Stanley; Wagon, Stan (marzo de 1995). "A spigot algorithm for the digits of Pi". American Mathematical Monthly 102 (3). pp. 195–203. JSTOR 2975006. doi:10.2307/2975006.

doi.org

Schepler, H.C. (1950) "The Chronology of Pi" Mathematics Magazine. 23.
Part 1. Jan/Feb. (3): 165–170. doi:10.2307/3029284.
Part 2. Mar/Apr. (4): 216-228. doi:10.2307/3029832.
Part 3. May/Jun. (5): 279-283. doi:10.2307/3029000.
Véxase p. 220: William Oughtred utilizou a letra π para representar a periferia (é dicir, a circunferencia) dun círculo.

elte.hu (Global: 5,814^th place; Galician: 8,132^nd place)

ac.inf.elte.hu

Horvath, Miklos (1983). "On the Leibnizian quadrature of the circle." (PDF). Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestiensis (Sectio Computatorica) 4. pp. 75–83. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; Galician: 163^rd place)

hdl.handle.net

Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly 96 (8). pp. 681–687. JSTOR 2324715. doi:10.2307/2324715. hdl:1959.13/1043679.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Galician: 38^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu

Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B. (1988). "Ramanujan and Pi". Scientific American 256 (2). pp. 112–117. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258b.112B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0288-112.
Arndt & Haenel 2006, pp. 15–17, 70–72, 104, 156, 192–197, 201–202
Gregorius, David (1695). "Ad Reverendum Virum D. Henricum Aldrich S.T.T. Decanum Aedis Christi Oxoniae" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions (en latín) 19 (231). pp. 637–652. Bibcode:1695RSPT...19..637G. JSTOR 102382. doi:10.1098/rstl.1695.0114.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; Galician: 150^th place)

Connor, Steve (8 de xaneiro de 2010). "The Big Question: How close have we come to knowing the precise value of pi?". The Independent (Londres). Arquivado dende o orixinal o 2 de abril de 2012. Consultado o 7 de febreiro do 2025.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Galician: 72^nd place)

Tweddle, Ian (1991). "John Machin and Robert Simson on Inverse-tangent Series for π". Archive for History of Exact Sciences 42 (1). pp. 1–14. JSTOR 41133896. doi:10.1007/BF00384331.
Lehmer, D. H. (1938). "On Arccotangent Relations for π" (PDF). American Mathematical Monthly 45 (10). pp. 657–664 Published by: Mathematical Association of America. JSTOR 2302434. doi:10.1080/00029890.1938.11990873. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Borwein, J.M.; Borwein, P.B.; Dilcher, K. (1989). "Pi, Euler Numbers, and Asymptotic Expansions". American Mathematical Monthly 96 (8). pp. 681–687. JSTOR 2324715. doi:10.2307/2324715. hdl:1959.13/1043679.
Archibald, R.C. (1921). "Historical Notes on the Relation $e -(π /2) = i i$ ". The American Mathematical Monthly 28 (3). pp. 116–121. JSTOR 2972388. doi:10.2307/2972388. Cabe destacar que estas letras "nunca" se utilizan por separado, é dicir, π non se utiliza para "Semiperiferia".
Gregorius, David (1695). "Ad Reverendum Virum D. Henricum Aldrich S.T.T. Decanum Aedis Christi Oxoniae" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions (en latín) 19 (231). pp. 637–652. Bibcode:1695RSPT...19..637G. JSTOR 102382. doi:10.1098/rstl.1695.0114.
Euler, Leonhard (1747). Henry, Charles, ed. Lettres inédites d'Euler à d'Alembert. Bullettino di Bibliografia e di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche (en francés) 19 (publicado o 1886). p. 139. E858. Car, soit π la circonference d'un cercle, dout le rayon est $= 1$ Tradución ao inglés en Cajori, Florian (1913). "History of the Exponential and Logarithmic Concepts". The American Mathematical Monthly 20 (3). pp. 75–84. JSTOR 2973441. doi:10.2307/2973441. Sendo $π$ a circunferencia (!) dun círculo de raio unitario
Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation 4 (29). pp. 11–15. JSTOR 2002695. doi:10.2307/2002695.
Nicholson, J. C.; Jeenel, J. (1955). "Some comments on a NORC Computation of π". Math. Tabl. Aids. Comp. 9 (52): 162–164. JSTOR 2002052. doi:10.2307/2002052.
Ramaley, J. F. (outubro de 1969). "Buffon's Needle Problem". The American Mathematical Monthly 76 (8). pp. 916–918. JSTOR 2317945. doi:10.2307/2317945.
Gibbons, Jeremy (2006). "Unbounded spigot algorithms for the digits of pi" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly 113 (4). pp. 318–328. JSTOR 27641917. MR 2211758. doi:10.2307/27641917.
Rabinowitz, Stanley; Wagon, Stan (marzo de 1995). "A spigot algorithm for the digits of Pi". American Mathematical Monthly 102 (3). pp. 195–203. JSTOR 2975006. doi:10.2307/2975006.

lbl.gov (Global: 2,509^th place; Galician: 1,938^th place)

crd-legacy.lbl.gov

Bailey, David H. (16 de maio de 2003). "Some Background on Kanada's Recent Pi Calculation" (PDF). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 15 de abril de 2012. Consultado o 5 de febreiro do 2025.

maa.org (Global: 3,479^th place; Galician: 2,840^th place)

eulerarchive.maa.org

Sandifer, Ed (2009). "Estimating π" (PDF). How Euler Did It. Reprinted in How Euler Did Even More. Mathematical Association of America. 2014. pp. 109–118.
Euler, Leonhard (1755). "§2.2.30". Institutiones Calculi Differentialis (en latín). Academiae Imperialis Scientiarium Petropolitanae. p. 318. E 212.

Euler, Leonhard (1798) [escrito en 1779]. "Investigatio quarundam serierum, quae ad rationem peripheriae circuli ad diametrum vero proxime definiendam maxime sunt accommodatae". Nova acta academiae scientiarum Petropolitinae 11. pp. 133–149, 167–168. E 705.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2004). "88.38 Some Observations on the Method of Arctangents for the Calculation of π". Mathematical Gazette 88 (512). pp. 270–278. doi:10.1017/S0025557200175060.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2005). "89.67 An elementary derivation of Euler's series for the arctangent function". Mathematical Gazette 89 (516). pp. 469–470. doi:10.1017/S0025557200178404.
Euler, Leonhard (1727). "Tentamen explicationis phaenomenorum aeris" (PDF). Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana (en latín) 2. p. 351. E007. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 1 de abril de 2016. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024. Sumatur pro ratione radii ad peripheriem, $I : π$ English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 10 de xuño de 2016 en Wayback Machine.: " $π$ tómase para a relación entre o raio e a periferia [nótese que neste traballo, o $π$ de Euler é o dobre de noso $π$ .]»
Euler, Leonhard (1747). Henry, Charles, ed. Lettres inédites d'Euler à d'Alembert. Bullettino di Bibliografia e di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche (en francés) 19 (publicado o 1886). p. 139. E858. Car, soit π la circonference d'un cercle, dout le rayon est $= 1$ Tradución ao inglés en Cajori, Florian (1913). "History of the Exponential and Logarithmic Concepts". The American Mathematical Monthly 20 (3). pp. 75–84. JSTOR 2973441. doi:10.2307/2973441. Sendo $π$ a circunferencia (!) dun círculo de raio unitario
Euler, Leonhard (1736). "Ch. 3 Prop. 34 Cor. 1". Mechanica sive motus scientia analytice exposita. (cum tabulis) (en latín) 1. Academiae scientiarum Petropoli. p. 113. E015. Denotet $1 : π$ rationem diametri ad peripheriam English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 2016-06-10 en Wayback Machine. :«Sexa $1 : π$ } a relación entre o diámetro e a circunferencia»
Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783) (1922). Leonhardi Euleri opera omnia. 1, Opera mathematica. Volumen VIII, Leonhardi Euleri introductio in analysin infinitorum. Tomus primus / ediderunt Adolf Krazer et Ferdinand Rudio (en latín). Lipsae: B.G. Teubneri. pp. 133–134. E101. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 16 October 2017. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024.

maa.org

Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for π by Leibniz, Gregory and Nilakantha" (PDF). Mathematics Magazine 63 (5). pp. 291–306. doi:10.1080/0025570X.1990.11977541. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Lehmer, D. H. (1938). "On Arccotangent Relations for π" (PDF). American Mathematical Monthly 45 (10). pp. 657–664 Published by: Mathematical Association of America. JSTOR 2302434. doi:10.1080/00029890.1938.11990873. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.

oeis.org (Global: 742^nd place; Galician: low place)

"Decimal expansion of Buffon's constant 2/Pi". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences® (OEIS®) Wiki.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 613^th place; Galician: 779^th place)

cs.ox.ac.uk

Gibbons, Jeremy (2006). "Unbounded spigot algorithms for the digits of pi" (PDF). The American Mathematical Monthly 113 (4). pp. 318–328. JSTOR 27641917. MR 2211758. doi:10.2307/27641917.

pacific.edu (Global: low place; Galician: low place)

scholarlycommons.pacific.edu

Sandifer, Ed (2009). "Estimating π" (PDF). How Euler Did It. Reprinted in How Euler Did Even More. Mathematical Association of America. 2014. pp. 109–118.
Euler, Leonhard (1755). "§2.2.30". Institutiones Calculi Differentialis (en latín). Academiae Imperialis Scientiarium Petropolitanae. p. 318. E 212.

Euler, Leonhard (1798) [escrito en 1779]. "Investigatio quarundam serierum, quae ad rationem peripheriae circuli ad diametrum vero proxime definiendam maxime sunt accommodatae". Nova acta academiae scientiarum Petropolitinae 11. pp. 133–149, 167–168. E 705.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2004). "88.38 Some Observations on the Method of Arctangents for the Calculation of π". Mathematical Gazette 88 (512). pp. 270–278. doi:10.1017/S0025557200175060.

Chien-Lih, Hwang (2005). "89.67 An elementary derivation of Euler's series for the arctangent function". Mathematical Gazette 89 (516). pp. 469–470. doi:10.1017/S0025557200178404.

plouffe.fr (Global: low place; Galician: low place)

Plouffe, Simon (April 2006). "Identities inspired by Ramanujan's Notebooks (part 2)" (PDF). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de xaneiro de 2012. Consultado o 3 de maio do 2025.

st-and.ac.uk (Global: 3,503^rd place; Galician: 879^th place)

www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk

O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (1999). "Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 12 de abril de 2011. Consultado o 22 de febreiro do 2023.

thenewstack.io (Global: low place; Galician: low place)

Cassel, David (11 de xuño de 2022). "How Google's Emma Haruka Iwao Helped Set a New Record for Pi". The New Stack.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Galician: 1^st place)

Herz-Fischler, Roger (2000). The Shape of the Great Pyramid. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 67–77, 165–166. ISBN 978-0-88920-324-2. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 29 de novembro de 2016. Consultado o 22 de febreiro do 2023.
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (1999). "Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 12 de abril de 2011. Consultado o 22 de febreiro do 2023.
Grienbergerus, Christophorus (1630). Elementa Trigonometrica (PDF) (en latín). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 1 de febreiro de 2014. His evaluation was 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4196 < π < 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 4199.
Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for π by Leibniz, Gregory and Nilakantha" (PDF). Mathematics Magazine 63 (5). pp. 291–306. doi:10.1080/0025570X.1990.11977541. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Horvath, Miklos (1983). "On the Leibnizian quadrature of the circle." (PDF). Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestiensis (Sectio Computatorica) 4. pp. 75–83. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Lehmer, D. H. (1938). "On Arccotangent Relations for π" (PDF). American Mathematical Monthly 45 (10). pp. 657–664 Published by: Mathematical Association of America. JSTOR 2302434. doi:10.1080/00029890.1938.11990873. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 07 de marzo de 2023. Consultado o 23 de febreiro de 2023.
Segner, Joannes Andreas (1756). Cursus Mathematicus (en latín). Halae Magdeburgicae. p. 282. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 15 de outubro de 2017. Consultado o 15 October 2017.
Euler, Leonhard (1727). "Tentamen explicationis phaenomenorum aeris" (PDF). Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana (en latín) 2. p. 351. E007. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 1 de abril de 2016. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024. Sumatur pro ratione radii ad peripheriem, $I : π$ English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 10 de xuño de 2016 en Wayback Machine.: " $π$ tómase para a relación entre o raio e a periferia [nótese que neste traballo, o $π$ de Euler é o dobre de noso $π$ .]»
Euler, Leonhard (1736). "Ch. 3 Prop. 34 Cor. 1". Mechanica sive motus scientia analytice exposita. (cum tabulis) (en latín) 1. Academiae scientiarum Petropoli. p. 113. E015. Denotet $1 : π$ rationem diametri ad peripheriam English translation by Ian Bruce Arquivado 2016-06-10 en Wayback Machine. :«Sexa $1 : π$ } a relación entre o diámetro e a circunferencia»
Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783) (1922). Leonhardi Euleri opera omnia. 1, Opera mathematica. Volumen VIII, Leonhardi Euleri introductio in analysin infinitorum. Tomus primus / ediderunt Adolf Krazer et Ferdinand Rudio (en latín). Lipsae: B.G. Teubneri. pp. 133–134. E101. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 16 October 2017. Consultado o 17 de xullo do 2024.
Bailey, David H. (16 de maio de 2003). "Some Background on Kanada's Recent Pi Calculation" (PDF). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 15 de abril de 2012. Consultado o 5 de febreiro do 2025.
Connor, Steve (8 de xaneiro de 2010). "The Big Question: How close have we come to knowing the precise value of pi?". The Independent (Londres). Arquivado dende o orixinal o 2 de abril de 2012. Consultado o 7 de febreiro do 2025.
Haruka Iwao, Emma (14 March 2019). "Pi in the sky: Calculating a record-breaking 31.4 trillion digits of Archimedes' constant on Google Cloud". Google Cloud Platform. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 19 de outubro de 2019. Consultado o 22 de abril do 2025.
Plouffe, Simon (April 2006). "Identities inspired by Ramanujan's Notebooks (part 2)" (PDF). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de xaneiro de 2012. Consultado o 3 de maio do 2025.

worldscientific.com (Global: low place; Galician: low place)

Brezinski, C. (2009). "Some pioneers of extrapolation methods". En Bultheel, Adhemar; Cools, Ronald. The Birth of Numerical Analysis. World Scientific. pp. 1–22. ISBN 978-981-283-625-0. doi:10.1142/9789812836267_0001.

Número pi (Galician Wikipedia)

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