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Alexander C.P., Byers G.W. (1981) Tipulidae. in: McAlpine J.F. et al. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 153–1902 ISBN0-660-10731-7pdfArquivado 01 de decembro de 2013 en Wayback Machine. manual descargado
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Blackshaw R. P, Coll C. Economically important leatherjackets of grassland and cereals: biology, impact and control. Integr. Pest. Manag. Rev. 1999, 4:143-160.Blackshaw_and_Coll,_1999.pdf pdfArquivado 15 de xaneiro de 2014 en Wayback Machine.
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Alexander C.P., Byers G.W. (1981) Tipulidae. in: McAlpine J.F. et al. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 153–1902 ISBN0-660-10731-7pdfArquivado 01 de decembro de 2013 en Wayback Machine. manual descargado
Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2003 onwards. Tipulidae.Arquivado 13 de outubro de 2007 en Wayback Machine. British Insects: The Families of Diptera. Version: 1 de xaneiro de 2012.
Blackshaw R. P, Coll C. Economically important leatherjackets of grassland and cereals: biology, impact and control. Integr. Pest. Manag. Rev. 1999, 4:143-160.Blackshaw_and_Coll,_1999.pdf pdfArquivado 15 de xaneiro de 2014 en Wayback Machine.
